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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how can influenza be spread
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coughing, sneezing, or nasal secretions.
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in what population is influenza highest
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children and elderly
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what are the signs and symptoms of influenza
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• fever
• sore throat • chills • fatigue • cough • headache • muscle aches |
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what symptoms can be exhibited in children with influenza
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diarrhea and seizures
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(killed) vaccine, or the “flu shot” is given by injection into the muscle.
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inactivated
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(weakened) influenza vaccine is sprayed into the nostrils. This vaccine is described in a separate Vaccine Information Statement
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live attenuated
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how long does it take for prevention from the shot begin
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It takes up to 2 weeks for protection to develop after the shot.
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Who should get inactivated
influenza vaccine ? |
All people 6 months of age and older should get flu vaccine.
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When should one get inactivated
influenza vaccine ? |
Getting the vaccine as soon as it is available will provide protection if the flu season comes early. Influenza can occur at any time, but most infl uenza occurs from November through May. In recent seasons, most infections have occurred in January and February.
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how often is influenza shot needed
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Adults and older children need one dose of influenza vaccine each year. But some children younger than 9 years of age need two doses to be protected.
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what are some signs of an allergic reaction to influenza vaccine
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Signs of a severe allergic reaction can include difficulty breathing, hoarseness or wheezing, hives, paleness, weakness, a fast heart beat or dizziness.
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What should you do if you have an allergic reaction to the influnza vaccine?
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• Call a doctor, or get the person to a doctor right away. • Tell the doctor what happened, the date and time it
happened, and when the vaccination was given. • Ask your healthcare provider to report the reaction by filing a Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) form. |
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if you are allergic to this, you should not get the influenza vaccine
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eggs
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If getting influenza vaccine, what disease should you report to your healthcare provider
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Guillain- Barré Syndrome (a severe paralytic illness, also called GBS).
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what are some Mild problems associated with the influenza vaccine
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• soreness, redness, or swelling where the shot was given • hoarseness; sore, red or itchy eyes; cough
• fever • aches If these problems occur, they usually begin soon after the shot and last 1-2 days. |
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One brand of inactivated flu vaccine, , should not be given to children 8 years of age or younger, except in special circumstances.
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Afluria
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why should One brand of inactivated flu vaccine, , should not be given to children 8 years of age or younger, except in special circumstances.
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A related vaccine was associated with fevers and fever-related seizures in young children in Australia
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what does LAIV not contain?
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thimerosal
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Who can receive LAIV?
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2 through 49 years of age, who are not pregnant and do not have certain health conditions
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who should not receive laiv
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Adults 50 years of age and older or children from 6 through 23 months of age. (Children younger than 6 months should not get either infl uenza vaccine.)
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what does N-9 vaginal spermicides are not effective in preventing
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chlamydial (CT), gonorrheal (GC), or HIV infection
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what should N-9 not be used as
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a microbicide or lubricant during anal intercourse
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a disease that can be transmitted from one person to another, is caused by an agent that is infectious and is transmitted from a reservoir to a susceptible host.
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Definition of Communicable Disease
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what is the Role CHN with communicable diseases
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to prevent and control communicable disease
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how does the Role CHN teach the community about communicable diseases
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Teach important and effective preventive measures to community members
Advocate for those affected Protect the well-being of uninfected persons Improved lives of many populations |
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Which vaccine can’t you receive if allergic to
Baker’s yeast |
Hep B
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Danger of pandemic, epidemic diseases
Examples include: |
TB
AIDS Influenza/H1N1 SARS Bird Flu |
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First documented global threat (13th Century)
Increased migration of people from rural areas to cities Overcrowding/increased waste/ contaminated water/increased vectors |
“Bubonic Plague”
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Discovered cause and prevention of smallpox
Developed the first vaccine against smallpox Major eradication campaign in 1967/ last nationally acquired case in 1977 Increased threat of biological warfare |
Dr. Edward Jenner
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How do you report communicable diseases
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epidemiologists, public health nurses and communicable disease investigators
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is the federal agency that provides guidance and recommendations
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CDC(www.cdc.gov)
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Communicable Diseases That Pose A Continued Threat
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Malaria
Yellow Fever Tuberculosis Cholera |
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New and Re-emerging Diseases
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Early 1980’s HIV/AIDS
TB (resistant cases) West Nile Virus Legionnaire’s Disease Gonorrhea Syphilis MRSA |
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Occurs by immediate transfer of infectious agents from a reservoir to a new susceptible host
Direct contact ( measles or pertussis) 3 feet (close proximity to transmit an organism |
Direct transmission
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Occurs when the infectious agent is transported within contaminated inanimate materials such as air, water, or food
Vehicle-borne transmission |
Indirect transmission
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Food and water – related illness
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Salmonella
Shigella E. Coli 0157 Camplyobacter Hepatits A Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, bloating |
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Bacterial disease characterized by sudden onset of headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and sometimes vomiting
Onset within 48 hours Dehydration and lack of appetite present Highest rate of infection in infants and older adults |
Salmonellosis
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Produces a strong cytotoxin that can cause potentially fatal hemorrhagic colitis
Widely described in humans in 1992 Two outbreaks of illness associated with consumption of hamburgers from fast food restaurant chain Undercook meat, contaminated lettuce, unpasteurized milk Best protection to cook food completely |
Escherichia coli
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non-human carrier
Usually animal or insect |
Vector Transmission
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Lyme disease:
Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Rabies: Malaria Dengue and South Texas |
Vector borne diseases
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More prevalent in developing countries
Poor sanitation Leading causes of death in countries such as Africa, Asia, Central America Examples include: Malaria Guinea worm disease Giardia |
Parasitic infections
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Occurs via droplet
Emitted from infected host Can remain suspended in air for long periods May occur via dust Inhaled by host |
Airborne Transmission
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Acute highly contagious disease
Considered a childhood illness Caused by rubeola virus |
measles
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how is measles transmitted
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Transmitted by inhalation of infected aerosol droplets or direct contact with infected nasal secretions
Immunizations decreased incidence |
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wha are some symptoms of measles
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Symptoms include fever, sneezing, cough, conjunctivitis, Koplik’s spots, blotchy rash
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Also known as German measles
Virus that causes mild, febrile disease with enlarged lymph nodes Fine pink rash difficult to distinguish from measles or scarlet fever |
rubella
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what are the four layers of an abscess?
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pus, macrophages, granulation tissue, astrocytes
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what are some complications of rubella
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May cause intrauterine death, congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)
Cataracts, hearing loss, microcephaly |
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Also known as “whooping cough”
Begins as a mild upper respiratory tract infection Progresses to an irritating cough that may become paroxysmal (repeated violent coughs) Coughs have an “inspiratory whoop” |
pertussis
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how is pertussis transmitted
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airborne
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Process of introducing disease causing organism into person’s system for the development of antibodies
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vaccination
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what percentage of kids receive vaccination
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77%
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what routine immunizations are recommended for children
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Hepatitis B
Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus Haemophilus flu Type B meningitis Varicella Streptococcus pneumoniae |
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what are some vaccine preventable diseases
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H.influenza
Measles Polio Diphtheria Pertussis Varicella Passive/Active Immunity |
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1. Resistance to the spread of infectious disease in a group because susceptible members are few, making transmission from an infected member unlikely.
2. The immunologic status of a population, determined by the ratio of resistant to susceptible members and their distribution. |
herd immunity
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what are some barriers to obtaining immunizations
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Religious barriers; may receive exemption due to religion
Financial barriers, large families, no healthcare Social barriers such as transportation, educational barriers Cultural barriers/language barriers Philosophical objections/fear of harming child |
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when dealing with immunizations for adults what are some risks
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Approximately 45,000 deaths associated with pneumococcal disease complications
At risk due to occupational exposure Increase in tropical or imported diseases Fear of adverse effects Unknown status of immunization (older adults) |
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what are some Examples of Common Screening Measures
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Prenatal Hepatitis B
Chlamydia (urine) and gonorrhea Mantoux TB skin tests HIV EIA, IFA, Western Blot Screening tests are not definitive May need more diagnostic tests before reaching |
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whats tertiary prevention when concerning immunizations
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Includes isolation and quarantine of the infection person, safe handling and control of infectious agents.
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what are some major communicable diseases in US
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Chlamydia
Genital herpes Gonorrhea Syphilis Viral warts (HPV) Hepatitis A, B,C HIV/AIDS |
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Acute, viral communicable disease
Disease of respiratory tract |
influenza
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influenza is Characterized by the following symptoms
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Fever
Headache |
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First detected in humans in April 2009
June 2009 WHO declared pandemic in U.S. components of virus were similar to flu found in pigs Symptoms are the same as influenza, some may develop diarrhea and vomiting Individuals such as elderly, children and pregnant women at high risk |
swine flu
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what are some Emerging diseases
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Ebola hemorrhagic fever
Legionnaires’ disease Hantavirus E. coli 0157 –H7 Lyme disease Dengue fever |
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whats the nursing process for community health
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Assessment, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
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a serious disease that affects the liver. This can lead to:• loss of appetite • diarrhea and vomiting • pain in muscles, joints, and stomach
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hep b
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causes a thick covering in the back of the throat. It can lead to breathing problems, paralysis, heart failure, and even death
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Diphtheria
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is a serious disease that causes painful tightening of the muscles, usually all over the body. It can lead to "locking" of the jaw so the victim
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Tetanus (lockjaw)
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a bacterium capable of causing a range of diseases including ear infections, cellulitis (soft tissue infection), upper respiratory infections, pneumonia, and such serious invasive infections as meningitis with potential brain damage and epiglottitis with airway obstruction. It spreads by droplet through coughs and sneezing. Half of cases present as meningitis with fever, headache, and stiff neck. The remainder present as cellulitis, arthritis, or sepsis (bloodstream infection).
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haemophilus
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what is the vector for lyme disease
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tick vector
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Rash, joint pain, progressive weakness, vision changes, neuromuscular dysfunction
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lyme disease
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infected domestic animal
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Rabies:
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vector for Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Relapsing fever
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tick
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