Communities And Ecosystems

Front 1

A species that has been introduced into a new location and can cause a disruption of normal interactions with a community is called a(n) _____________ species.

Back 1

exotic

Front 2

In some communities, one species stabilizes the community by maintaining its characteristics and helping hold its web of interactions together. This species is referred to as a _________________ species

Back 2

keystone species

Front 3

A heterotroph that breaks down organic matter into inorganic nutrients that are recycled in the environment is called a _____________

Back 3

Decomposer

Front 4

If two species are using the same limited resources, then they are experiencing ____________ which has a negative effect on the abundance of both species

Back 4

competition

Front 5

A community is a collection of different __________

Back 5

populations

Front 6

The aquatic ecosystems are

Back 6

saltwater

freshwater

Front 7

When studying ___________ ecology, the community and its interactions with the physical environment are considered.

Back 7

ecosystem

Front 8

_______ require a source of preformed organic nutrients and release CO2 into the atmosphere

Back 8

Heterotrophs

Front 9

An organism that uses inorganic nutrients and an outside energy source to make organic nutrients for itself is called a:

Back 9

producer

Front 10

The rate at which producers capture and store energy over a given time period is called primary

Back 10

productivity

Front 11

All the species in a community along with the physical environment is called

Back 11

an ecosystem

Front 12

A heterotroph that feeds on both plant and animal matter is called

Back 12

omnivore

Front 13

________ is the rate at which producers capture and store solar energy in organic nutrients over a certain length of time.

Back 13

Primary Productivity

Front 14

A species that is indigenous to a specific are is called a(n) __________ species.

Back 14

native

Front 15

A ________ of a species is where it live within the community.

Back 15

habitat

Front 16

The place where a species lives within a community is called its:

Back 16

habitat

Front 17

An autotroph uses only _____________ nutrients and an outside energy source to produce ____________________ nutrients for its own use and for other members of the community.

Back 17

inorganic

organic

Front 18

The ________, which encompasses all ecosystems on the Earth, is the fine level of biological organization.

Back 18

biosphere

Front 19

a ____________ differes from a producer in that it cannot make its own food.

Back 19

consumer

Front 20

Predation occurs when a ________________ feeds on a ____________.

Back 20

predator

prey

Front 21

A consumer in a food chain that eats other living animals in called a ________.

Back 21

carnivore

Front 22

Which of the following can plants use as sources of nitrogen?

Back 22

ammonium

nitrates

Front 23

An organism that can take in only inorganic nutrients and an outside energy source to produce organic nutrients for itself, and for the organisms that consume it, is a(n) ________.

Back 23

autotroph

Front 24

A consumer that feeds directly on plants and algae is called a(n) _______.

Back 24

herbivore

Front 25

A species that helps stabilize a community is called a(n) __________ species.

Back 25

keystone

Front 26

The two parameters that define a major terrestrial ecosystem also called a ______________________ , are temperature and rainful.

Back 26

biome

Front 27

A food web illustrates which of the following?

Back 27

energy flow

Front 28

Select fossil fuels

Back 28

natural gas

oil

coal

Front 29

For plants to be able to use nitrogen, it must be converted into ammonium by a process called nitrogen _____________.

Back 29

fixation

Front 30

If excess phosphorus enters an aquatic ecosystem, fish kills can occur. Why?

Back 30

Algal populations grow quickly because of the nutrients and then die. Bacteria feed on the dead algae and use up the oxygen, causing the fish to die.

Front 31

The element ____________ in ocean sediments becomes available when sediments undergo geologic upheaval.

Back 31

phosphorus

Front 32

Which human activities alter the transfer rates in the nitrogen cycle?

Back 32

Production of fertilizers from nitrogen

Deforestation

Front 33

About what percent of the energy taken in by a herbivore is passed on to the carnivore that consumes it?

Back 33

10%

Front 34

Which human activities alter the transfer rates in the carbon cycle?

Back 34

deforestation

burning fossil fuels

Front 35

_______________________ succession occurs in an old field that is no longer undergoing cultivation, for example, an abandonded farm.

Back 35

Secondary

Front 36

mutualism

competition

parasitism

commensalism

Back 36

+ +

- -
+ -

+ 0

Front 37

There is ______ carbon dioxide being deposited in the atmosphere than being removed.

Back 37

more

Front 38

An organism that feeds on either an autotroph or heterotroph in a food chain can be called a

Back 38

consumer

Front 39

Excess __________ and phosphates in water systems can result in fish kills due to eutrophication, or over-enrichment, of the water

Back 39

nitrate

Front 40

The symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit is called

Back 40

mutualism

Front 41

_________ cycles can be either gaseous or sedimentary

Back 41

biogeochemical

Front 42

The type of symbiosis that occurs when one species benefits and the other is neither benefited nor harmed is called

Back 42

commensalism

Front 43

Which forest food web has the most energy flowing through it

Back 43

Detrital food web

Front 44

Predator to prey is as _________ is to host

Back 44

parasite

Front 45

If two species reduce competition between them for a resource by dividing up the resource, for example, the area of feeding this is called ____________.

Back 45

resource partitioning

Front 46

Species diversity includes both species __________ and species ______________.

Back 46

distribution

richeness

Front 47

The climax-pattern model states that

Back 47

as long as the climate stays the same, the same stable climax community will return after a disturbance.

Front 48

The ecological ____________ of a species incorporates the role the species plays in the community, its habitat, and its interactions with other species.

Back 48

niche

Front 49

The list of species in a community provide a description of the species composition or species _______________.

Back 49

richness

Front 50

A food chain shows

Back 50

a single path of the energy flow in an eco system

Front 51

Changes in the species makeup of a community over time is called

Back 51

succession

Front 52

according to the ______ ____________ principle, no two species can indefinitely occupy the same niche at the same time.

Back 52

competitive exclusion

Front 53

__________________ nutrients are the most important factor affecting primary productivity in aquation ecosystems.

Back 53

inorganic

Front 54

Denitrification is the conversion of nitrate into __________ gas

Back 54

nitrogen

Front 55

a ______ level is a level of nourishment within a food web or food chain.

Back 55

trophic

Front 56

Good

Back 56

Job