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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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two dimensions of consistency for reliability + definitions?
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Stability-"consistency across time"
Equivalence-"consistency across measures" |
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three types of reliability assessments?
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Test-Retest, Alternate Forms, Internal Consistency
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three types of validity + definitions?
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Content validity-"measuring all concept dimensions."
Criterion validity-"predicting behavioral outcomes" Construct validity-measuring them both |
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Types of survey questions (4)
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Fact v. Opinion, Closed v. Open-ended, Contingency & filter items.
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Quantitative v. qualitative
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Quantitative-"involving the counting & measuring of communication events"
Qualitative-"rejects numerical measures in favor of narrative data" |
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Cross-sectional v. longitudinal
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Cross-sectional-"single-point in time"
Longitudinal-"examines communication phenomenon as they shift & change over time" |
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Experimental v. naturalistic
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Experimental-"involves the manipulation of the research environment
Naturalistic-""normal life activity" without experimentally manipulating the observational environment" |
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Laboratory v. field
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Laboratory-"observations in a controlled environment"
Field-"communicator's natural environment" |
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Overt v. unobtrusive
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Overt-"researcher is present"
Unobtrusive-"removes the researcher from the set of interactions, events, or behavior being investigated" |
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History (research progression effects)
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Incidental environmental events occurring during data collection that alters the beliefs & behaviors a research participant ordinarily would exhibit
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Maturation (research progression effects)
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Changing physiological & psychological processes that effect the beliefs & behaviors of research participants during the course of the study
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Mortality (research progression effects)
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Loss of research participants as a study moves towards the completion
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Statistical regression (research progression effects)
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A settling effect toward the mean
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Demand characteristics (reactivity effects)
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All the situational cues that implicitly convey this information to participants
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Evaluation apprehension (reactivity effects)
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The participant's desire to present a positive self-image to the researcher or at least to provide no ground for a negative one
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Researcher effects (reactivity effects)
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Physical, social, & psychological characteristics of a researcher that may affect how a participant answers
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Test sensitization (reactivity effects)
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A heightened intrapersonal awareness that prompts respondents to deliberate more carefully about the problems at issue than they normally would
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Characteristics of Surveys
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A) Relies entirely on organismic (attribute) variables
B) Collects data in natural setting C) Uses structured set of questions D) Conducted for three purposes (exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory research |
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Element
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the basic unit sought (e.g., person, message)
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Sampling unit
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elements considered for sampling (e.g., MSU students)
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Observation unit
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the person providing information on the element
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Population
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the group of elements you wish to estimate (e.g., all college students)
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Sampling frame
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the list of sample units from which you select (e.g., MSU student directory)
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Sample
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a subset of elements selected from the population
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Statistics and parameters
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numerical characteristics of the sample and the population
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