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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cultivation Theory
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George Gerbner. Media has the ability to cultivate potential effects through lost of exposure over a long period of time
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Demassification
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targets specific audiences, niches, fragmentations
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Media Melding
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convergence, internet: visual plus print, internet radio, etc.
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Agenda Setting
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Maxwell McCoumbs and Donald Shaw. Found that media isn’t necessarily impactful in telling us what to think, but telling us what to think about
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Powerful Effects
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The Payne Field Studies, children replicate what they see (Bozo the clown), War of the Worlds
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Magic Bullet Theory
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1970 Propoganda in WWI
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Catalytic Theory
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1960's film of woman beating Bobo dol, child imitates--media has powerful effect on children
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Cumulative Effects
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media is powerful, but cumulative over time
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Spiral of Silence
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1973, we perceive our climate to be acceptable or not, if we're the minority we remain silent
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Modeling
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we try to assimilate, so we model after our parents--games based off of TV and film
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Uses and Gratifications
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TV is on but nobody watches, used as background noise, MEDIA INDUCED RITUALS AND ROUTINES
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Diffusion of Innovation
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time that innovations take to be widely used (iPod)
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Gate-Keeping
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Editors, TV executives, directors, decide info that will go forward--ERODING, because of internet--how do you assimilate information
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Socialization Function
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watch a show to fit in a group, how you dress, how you behave
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Diverse Function
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stimulation, relaxation, release
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Mass Communication
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1900's, mass magazines and newspapers, radio
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Yellow Journalism
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battle of the newspapers
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Persuasion Theory
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advertising, buy/use product, perceive as need, brand loyalty--much easier to reinforce than to persuade
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Appeals in Advertising
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logical appeal, emotional appeal
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Vulnerable Audiences
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Children, teenagers, uneducated, elderly
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Media-Induced Passivity
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1950's people stop going to church, media entices people away from social int3eraction, tv fulfills what socialization once did, lodges, participation in sports goes down
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EEOC
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promotes equal opportunities in workplace
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ACLU
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American Civil Liberties Union
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Mass Media in 1700s
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churches, taverns, orators (era of yeoman farmer)
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Mass Media in 1800s
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newspapers (circ. in NY exceeded population), morning and evening news
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1920's
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Onset of radio, mass freely, stations on top of one another, regulation requested in 1920
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Federal Radio Act of 1927
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clean up the airwaves, license those who want to broadcast
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1933
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airwaves not cleaned up, Federal Communications Act of 1934 which regulates ALL communication by wire, done in public interest
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FCC says publically owned airwaves must be done in:
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Public Interest
Convenience Necessity PICN |
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News and Public Affairs
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for every hour on air, at least 5 minutes of NPR programming, because it's a necessity
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Area of Governance: Advertising
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pre 1900, no restrictions, label laws, ingredients, Upton Sinclair, Pure Food and Drug Act, Meat Packing Act
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Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914
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handles unfair methods of competition, deceptive practices in commerce, legislation on advertising unless approved--can't advertise unless labeled
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FTC vs. Winstead Hosiery
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advertised wool underwear, FTC found wasn't true, sued for making false claim, won
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Treble Damage Award
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if you spend money on deceptive campaign, you have to spend 3X that amount in apologizing to public
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1972 FTC
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Congress extends to harmful products, tobacco unlawful to advertise on television, MADD, takes on sports too, how to regulate internet?
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Third Person Effect
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people overestimate how much the media affects people (beard waiver article)
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Media elite
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the more we get involved in media, the more we forget what its initial purpose was (Bill Clinton talkshow circuit)
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Media and Cognitive Dissonance
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we have information that we're unable to integrate into our belief structure (Vietnam)
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Mass
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a collective audience, a group large enough to make some difference, majority of specified audience
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Seven forms of Distribution Vehicles
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TV, radio, news, magazines, internet/computer, books, films
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Trends in Mass Media
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Demassified, Globalization, Conglomeration, Media Melding/Convergence
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Third Person Effect
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people overestimate how much the media affects people
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Media elite
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Walter Lipman: the more we get involved in media, the more we forget what its initial purpose was
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Media and Cognitive Dissonance
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disconnect with information we receive
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Diffusion of Innovation
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our ability to adop new technologies,
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Edward Muybridge
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takes subsequent pictures, puts on reel--they move!
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Nickelodeons
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Thomas Edison and Laurie Detson, invent kinetoscope, start working on proector
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Silent Film era
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1903
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First talkie
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Jazz Singer
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Studio Giants
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Hollywood becomes commercialized, movies move from place to place
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Movies in late 1920s
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Great depression WWII, monopoly on color, Citizen Kane greatest movie
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Hollywood's Golden Age
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40-s and 50s, financially well off, subrubs
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Widescreen and Color Age
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50s to 70s, competition, innovation, smellovision, cinerama, vistavision
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Transformation and Video Era
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70s-2000, lobby against VCR, socialization, Star Wars summer release
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Re-Emergence Era
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resurgence of movie attendance, indie films, dist. changes to internet
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7 Forms of mass Communication
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TV, films, books, radio, magazine, newspapers, internet
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5 Trends of Communication
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Globalization, Conglomeration, Demassification, Media melding, media control
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Globalization
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cross ownership of companies, internationally, outsourcing
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Conglomeration
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chains, AOL-time warner
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Demassification
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choices, specificity
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MEdia Melding
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converging (watch tv online)
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Media Control
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who controls it and why?
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1st Amendment
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1791
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Film had ___ Effects
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POWERFUL
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Mass Newspaper Years
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late 1800s
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Mass Magazines Years
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late 1800s
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Deforest:
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father of radio, grandfather of teleivison
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Armstrong
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invented FM radio
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Bill of Rights
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1789
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Licensing of Newspapers
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1788
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FCC
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1934
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Federal Radio Commission, Federal Communications Act
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1933
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PICN
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foundation to broadcasting
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Switch from AM to FM
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1970s
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How has TV changed us?
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architecture, media-induced rituals, does TV kill, home life, violence
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Farnsworth
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father of television
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Andrew Bradford and Ben Franklin
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first American magazines
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John Brinckley
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super power radio station
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Magic Bullet Theory
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media sends out message as quickly as we receive and perceive it--POWERFUL EFFECTS
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Ben Harris
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public occurrences, first paper in colonies, lasted one day because of no licensening
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Functions of mass media
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inform, influence, entertain
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gatekeeping
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adjust messages the way you want to spin a story
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Powerful Effects
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children internalize cultural norms, Payne Fund Studies, violence movies (War of the Worlds)
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Cumulative Effects
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powerful but more research, Spiral of Scilence (perceive opinion through others), Cultivation Theory:exposure to TV starts to represent reality
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Moderate Effects
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children integrate for group games, agenda setting (emphasize certain issues)
Cultural Norms Theory: heavy tv watchers answe questions differently than light ones |
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Minimal Effects
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mass comm doesn't serve as a necessary cause of audience effects, election inissues (few people influenced by political advertising)
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Diversion Functions
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stimulation (overcome boredom)
relaxation )becomes overloaded, soft music) release (blow off steam, escape) |
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Cultural Imperialism
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global village, Japanes elvis impersonator
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Persuasion theory
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attidue change or pesuasion takes time
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values continuum
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older audiences values are set, younger more easily influenced
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Media Use Needs
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diversion, social, identity, surevillance
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Libel
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elements, publication, identification, defamation, fault, actualy injury
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Times v. Sullivan
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public official
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Potter Box
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define situation, values, loyalties, philosophies
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Magazine Categories
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Consumers, Business
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Readership:
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magazines: 4x circulation
newspapers: 2 1/2 x ciculation |
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Stubblefield
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invented radio
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Radios call signs
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W,N,N, A
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Barriers to Newsgathering
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laws, crises, govt., time
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Ivy Lee
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father of public relations
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PR functions
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shape attitudes, community relations, news management, crisis management, lobbying, fundraising
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