Communication Theory And The Internet Midterm

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Levels of Communication Pyramid

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Social interaction at a number of levels through messages. The process of creating symbol systems that convey information and meaning.

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Levels of Communication: Bottom- intrapersonal communication`

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Communication within the self

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Levels of Communication: Interpersonal communication

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Transmission of information through verbal or nonverbal message systems to another human being.

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Levels of Communication: Group Communication

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One person is communicating with an audience of two or more people.

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Levels of Communication-Top: Mass Communication

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Society-wide communication process in which an individual or institution uses technology to send messages:

Messages are sent to a large mixed audience.

Audience is not known to the sender.

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Ontology

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What is knowable?

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Epistemology

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How knowledge is created and advanced. How do we create knowledge?

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Axiology

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The proper role of values in research and theory. What is our role in the research?

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Postpositivist Theory

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Theory based on observation guided by the scientific method, but still recognizing human behavior is not as consistent.

Goal: Explanation, prediction, and control of behavior. Using objective quantitative methods like surveys and experiments.

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Postpositivist Theory: Ontology

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What is knowable: World exists apart from our perception of it. Human behavior is sufficiently predictable.

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Postpositivist Theory: Epistemology

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How knowledge is created and advance: Knowledge is advanced through systematic, logical regularities and casual relationship (when one given factor influences another)

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Postpositivist Theory: Axiology

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The proper role of values in research and theory: The objectivity of the scientific method keep the researchers values out of the search for knowledge.

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Communication (Social) Science

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Seeks to explain how people operate in society using the scientific method. Seeks external and psychological causes for communication behavior.

The goal is to predict and control that behavior.

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Hermeneutic/Interpretive Theory

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Opposite of Postpositivist. They do not want to explain, predict or control social behavior. Their goal is to understand how and why that behavior occurs. Meaning is arrived at subjectively from the words or other symbols.

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Interpretive Theory: Ontology

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What is knowable: There is no real measurable social reality. Reality can not be understood except through society, economy, history and culture.

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Interpretive Theory: Epistemology

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How knowledge is created and advanced: What is knowable is based on people's interpretation of that which they know.

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Interpretive Theory: Axiology

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The proper role of values in research and theory: Embraces rather than limits the influence of the researcher and theorists.

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Critical Theory

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Seeks to reform media systems that contribute to dominants social class by promoting that group's ideas ahead of others.

Who are the elite?

Does the media reinforce the status quo?

How is the internet democratic?

Struggle between elite and emancipated:

elites define peoples realites and emancipated define reality through their own behaviors

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Critical Theory: Ontology

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What is knowable: Product of interaction between structure (the world's rules, norms, and beliefs) and agency (how humans interact in that world).

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Critical Theory: Epistemology

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How knowledge is created and advanced: When it serves to free people and communities from the influence of those more powerful than themselves.

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Critical Theory: Axiology

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Proper role of values in research and theory:

Openly political (value laden)

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Normative Theory

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Explains how media should operate in order to conform to or realize a set of social values.

Goal is to set an ideal standard against which a media system can be judged.

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Normative Theory: Ontology

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What is knowable is only knowable for the specific social system in which that system exists

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Normative Theory: Epistemology

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How knowledge is created and advanced: Through comparative analysis. We judge(and understand) the worth of a given media system in comparison to the ideal espoused the social system in which is operates.