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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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when it's someone else, they will cut them. You will never be cut
Traffic lights Poor performance |
Fundamental attribution error
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By observations of someone's actions. representative of personality
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Fundamental attribution error
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n=1 effect
representative of every one in the world just like everyone else This is why we use science |
False Consensus effect
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a lot of "I know"
I've worked in a pharmacy, i know what it is to be a phramcaist Every gay aids patient I've met abuses drugs |
False Consensus effect
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Clinical implications:
Inaccurate judgments about individual/group patients inability to accept criticism ability to engage in unethical behavior |
Fundamental Attribution error
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what u believe is what happen
self-fulfilling prophecy men triggers it, women comply with it expect something from some one n see it as this (true) |
Behavioral confirmation of expectancy
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I am a nervous person
I am not good at that If you think a patient will not be compliant, you actually increase the likelihood that this will occur |
Behavioral confirmation of expectancy
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"I paid a lot for this bracelet", arthritis still bothers
False cures Poor communication skills UFO prediction |
Cognitive dissonance
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previous judgments r the basis for future judgments
+ effects: attractive person - effects: the opp. |
Halo effects
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discharged psychiatric patients was not normal anyway
A successful item leads to + appraisals of a brand (Viagra) |
Halo effects
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Chiropractic
male enhancement mixtures pediatric cough syrups |
Illusory Clinical effectiveness
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implication for interdisciplinary communications
YOUR treatment is effective blame the other if thing goes bad take credit for self if go well |
Illusory Clinical effectiveness
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group think
go along with the majority who may be wrong |
Bandwagon effect
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tend to go with what you are most familiar with
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mere exposure effect
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make decisions on mostly know hypotheses
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Outcome bias
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people get what they deserve
patient is sick because of poor life style choices |
"Just world" bias
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overtest to conclude the best decision
not all info r relevant unnecessary n costly medical tests |
information bias
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people prefer to lose not to gain
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loss aversion
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why is empathy important?
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for disclosure of info, trust, building rapport, interpersonal gap is small
for substance use, financial factor, comorbid illness, noncompliance |
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how do u become empathic?
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careful listening n communication skills
training n practice Feedback Exposure to diversity of human experience |
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why is empathy not sympathy, advice, commiserating, judgmental/moralistic, parroting?
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need to be realistic n positive, do not involve pity with the patient
stick to what you know or refer to a specialist (no advise) no relations or don't go their parties think you know it all, u r a doc not to repeat word for word |
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circumspective is
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seeing the m experience from multiple perspective
do not put into a pattern own is one of many |
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what r the empathic mindset?
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circumspective
flexibility effort ability to accept feedback/criticism focus selflessness |
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level 1 of empathy
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question, reassurance, denial or advise
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may be most appropriate level of empathy
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level 2, response to ideation /cognition only are facts only
no emotional component |
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more adequate for HC professionals
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reflecting the feeling n context, but no direction provided
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level 4 of empathy
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identifies FEELINGS & the SOURCE of what patient is lacking
additive empathy, building upon basic empathy |
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level 5 of empathy is...
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identifies FEELINGS & the SOURCE of what patient is lacking + ACTION STEP
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How many kinds of listening responses?
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Clarification: a QUESTION to make sure you understand
reflection: identifies the EMOTION, not the content paraphrase: refhrasing of contents FIRMLY not feeling, stop a talkative pt summarization: 2 or more paraphrases CONDENSE, not a question, no interpretation interpretation: identify the emotional message & explain it, advice may be given here (not much in pharm) |
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which kinds of listening responses?
So do u think u're having a prob. with alc.? you have a lot of responsibilities right now. It sounds like/you feel overwhelmed with all that's been happening. it's normal to feel down after the death of your husband. |
a)clarification
b)paraphrase c)reflection d) interpretation |
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what do you need to be aware of in interpretation?
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shifts focus, away from counseling to confront pt
easy to get wrong (u think wrong) liability issues |
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what is distorsion?
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false, misleading info: lying deception, impression management
useful for PDA |
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how can you detect distorsion?
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verbal (experts can detect deception this way)
& non-verbal(kinesics, paralinguistics, time, |
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who can hide nonverbal com signs?
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con men, sex offenders, anti-social or narcissistic PG,substance abusers, gamblers, car sales people, cheating spouses
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which is is easier to control? verbal or non verbal
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verbal (transparent)
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Explain the "truth bias"
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a)people u know or
b)beautiful/charismatic people make you less likely to detect deception well dressed/ nice looking r less suspected |
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starring @ u means
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intimidation
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Microexpressions is a
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flash on face when catch off guard
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wht is impression management?
hints about + impression management Hints about - impression management |
way to control how other people perceive you
+ : tend to be extremely agreeable, YES - : a victim, over report symptoms |
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Congruence is...
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alignment of posture with body/ facial expressions
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65 % of a message is...
what r the 5 dimensions? which is most important? it is said to be leaky because... |
non verbal
b) kinesis, paralinguistic, environment factors, time, proxemics kinesics (38 categories) c) it's uncontrollable |
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Surprise
Fear anger sadness |
Surprise: Eyebrows are raised so that they appear curved and high
Fear: Brows are raised and drawn together Anger: Brows are lowered and drawn together; vertical lines show up between the brows. Eyes may appear to have a “cold stare.” Sadness: Inner corners of the eyebrows are drawn up until the inner corners of the eyelids are raised |
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Pupil dilation
Moisture Rapid eye movement Excessive blinking Fixed Shifting Rolling |
Pupil dilation: Positive interest, attentiveness
►Moisture: Sadness, frustration, happiness=cry ►Rapid eye movement: Excitation, anger ►Excessive blinking (>6-10 per minute): Anxiety ►Fixed: Rigidity=defensive; preoccupation ►Shifting: Recall or processing of information ►Rolling: Disrespect, disregard |
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smile
tight lips lower lip quivering biting lower lip Open mouth without sound |
►Smile: Happiness, pleasure, embarrassment
►Tight lips: Stress, frustration, hostility ►Lower lip quivering: Anxiety, upset ►Biting lower lip: Anxiety, sadness ►Open mouth without sound: Shock, surprise |
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direct eye contact
lack of eye contact |
►Direct Eye Contact:
Comfort; trust; attentiveness, closeness Confidence; attempt to control or dominate ►Lack of eye contact: Discomfort, embarrassment; guilt or shame Attempt to escape the situation Distraction, disinterest Respect; taking submissive role or insecure |
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Shouldres
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Forward lean: Eager,
interested, receptive Slouched, turned away: Disinterest, sadness Shrugging: Uncertainty, frustration, disregard |
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arms & hands
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Folded across chest:
Avoidance; guardedness Trembling hands, clenched fists: Anger/anxiety Open arms, hand gestures: Receptivity |
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Head & neck
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Held Up: Receptive
Nodding: Affirming Shaking: Disagreement (with leg movements: Anger) Stiff: Anxiety; disapproval |
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legs & feet
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Shuffling: Anxiety
Tapping: Impatience Frequent Shifts: Discomfort, apprehension, worry Relaxed (non-rigid): Open to interaction |
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Solicit a response (turn-yielding)
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Solicit a response (turn-yielding):
Stop body movements and make eye contact Raising and holding eyebrows |
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To keep talking (turn-maintaining)
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Continue or increase body movements & gestures
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To provide a response (turn-requesting):
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Straightening of posture; raise hand/finger
Rapid head nods while opening mouth |
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Not talking (turn-denying)
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Relaxed body posture, silence, and eye-gaze
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Breathing
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Will slow with comfort
Rapid breathing: Over-arousal, distress, discomfort |
