Communication Flashcards From Public Speaking

Front 1

Characteristics of and audience-centered speech

Back 1

Select and narrow topic, determinie purpose, develop central, generate main ideas, gather supporting materia, organize speech, rehearse speech, deliver speech.

Front 2

What is the def. of ethics?

Back 2

The beliefs, values, and moral principles by which people determine what is right or wrong.

Front 3

What are the seven major components of the speech communication model?

Back 3

Source, message, noise, channel, message, reciever, feedback

Front 4

Ways to become a better listener

Back 4

Adapt to the speakers delivery. listen with you eyes as well as your ears, monitor you emotional reaction to the message, avioid jumping to conclusions, be a selfish listener, listen for major ideas, identify your listening goal.

Front 5

What is critical listening?

Back 5

The evaluation of the quality of information, ideas, and arguments presented by a speaker.

Front 6

What is critical thinking?

Back 6

Making judgements about the conclusions presented in what you see, hear, and read.

Front 7

What is the speech topic?

Back 7

The key focus of the speech.

Front 8

What is the central idea? And the characteristics?

Back 8

Summarizes the speech (declaritive sentence, direct and specific language, single idea, and audience centered)

Front 9

What is the general purpose?

Back 9

THe overarching goal of the speech - to inform, persuade, and entertain.

Front 10

What is the specific purpose?

Back 10

A concise state of the desidred audience response indicating what you want your listeners to remember, feel, or do when you finish speaking.

Front 11

Chronological organization

Back 11

By time or sequence

Front 12

Topical organization

Back 12

according to recency, primacy, complexity, or the speaker's discretion

Front 13

Spatial organization

Back 13

Based on location or position

Front 14

Cause-and-effect organization

Back 14

focuses on a situation and its causes or a situation and its effects

Front 15

Problem and solution organization

Back 15

focuses on a problem and then various solutions or a single solution and the problems it would solve

Front 16

What is a signpost?

Back 16

a verbal or nonverbal signal that a speaker is moving from one idea to the next.

Front 17

5 elements of the introduction

Back 17

Get audience's attention, intoduce subject, give audience a reason to listen, establish credibility, preview your main ideas.

Front 18

5 elements of the conclusion

Back 18

Summarize your speech, reemphasize the central idea in a memorable way, motivate the audience to respond, provide closure

Front 19

What is the preparation outline?

Back 19

A detailed outline of a speech that includes main ideas, sub points, and supporting material and that may also include specific purpose, introduction, bluepring, internal preview, and summaries, transitions, and conclusion.

Front 20

What is the delivery outline?

Back 20

Condensed and abbreviated outline from which speaking notes are developed.

Front 21

Chronological organization

Back 21

By time or sequence

Front 22

Topical organization

Back 22

according to recency, primacy, complexity, or the speaker's discretion

Front 23

Spatial organization

Back 23

Based on location or position

Front 24

Cause-and-effect organization

Back 24

focuses on a situation and its causes or a situation and its effects

Front 25

Problem and solution organization

Back 25

focuses on a problem and then various solutions or a single solution and the problems it would solve

Front 26

What is a signpost?

Back 26

a verbal or nonverbal signal that a speaker is moving from one idea to the next.

Front 27

5 elements of the introduction

Back 27

Get audience's attention, intoduce subject, give audience a reason to listen, establish credibility, preview your main ideas.

Front 28

5 elements of the conclusion

Back 28

Summarize your speech, reemphasize the central idea in a memorable way, motivate the audience to respond, provide closure

Front 29

What is the preparation outline?

Back 29

A detailed outline of a speech that includes main ideas, sub points, and supporting material and that may also include specific purpose, introduction, bluepring, internal preview, and summaries, transitions, and conclusion.

Front 30

What is the delivery outline?

Back 30

Condensed and abbreviated outline from which speaking notes are developed.

Front 31

Purpose of visual aids...

Back 31

enhance memory, help listeners organize ideas, help gain and maintain attention, help illustrate a sequence of events or procedures.

Front 32

Guidelines for preparing visual aids

Back 32

make them easy to see, keep simple, select the right presenation aids, rehearse with the aids, explain the aids, do not pass objects throughout the audience

Front 33

Goals of informative speaking

Back 33

To enhance understanding, to maintain interest, to be remembered

Front 34

What is an informative speech?

Back 34

A speech that teaches others new infor, ideas, concepts, principles, or processes in order to enhance their knowledge or understanding about something

Front 35

What is demographics?

Back 35

Statistical information about the age, race, gender, sexual orientation, education leve, and religious views of an audience.

Front 36

What are the three steps in becoming an audience centered speaker?

Back 36

Gather infor about your audience, analyze the info you have gathered, then use the info to eithically adapt to your listeners.

Front 37

Oral style

Back 37

More personal, facilitating interaction between speaker and audience; less formal; more repetitive

Front 38

Written style

Back 38

Less personal with no immediate interaction between writer and reader; more formal, less repetitive.

Front 39

Figure of speech

Back 39

language that deviates from the ordinarey, expected meaning of words to make a description or comparison unique, vivid, and memorable

Front 40

Metaphor

Back 40

an implied comparison between tow things or concepts

Front 41

Simile

Back 41

a comarison between two things that uses the word like or as

Front 42

Crisis rhetoric

Back 42

language used by speakers during momentous or overwhelming times

Front 43

Personification

Back 43

the attribution of human qualites to inanimate things or ideas

Front 44

Omission

Back 44

leaving out a word or phrase the listener expects to hear

Front 45

Inversion

Back 45

reveral of the normal word order of a phrase or sentence

Front 46

Suspension

Back 46

withholding a key word or phrase until the end of the sentence

Front 47

parallelism

Back 47

using the same grammtaical pattern for two or more clauses or sentences

Front 48

antithesis

Back 48

opposition such as that used in two part sentences in which the sonce part contrasts the meaning in the first part

Front 49

repitition

Back 49

use of a key word or phrase more than once for emphasis

Front 50

alliteration

Back 50

the repitition of a consonant or sound several times in a phrase, clause, or sentence

Front 51

What is persuasion?

Back 51

the process of changing or reinforcing a listeners attitudes, beliefs, values, or behaivor

Front 52

Attitude

Back 52

a learned predisposition to respond favorably or unfavorably toward something

Front 53

belief

Back 53

what you understand to be true or false

Front 54

value

Back 54

an enduring concentp of right and wrong, good and bad.

Front 55

Elaboration likelihood model of persuasion

Back 55

the theory that people can be persuaded by logic, evidence and reasoning, or through a more peripheral route that may depend on the credibility of the speaker, the sheer number or arguments presented or emotional appeals.

Front 56

Cognitive dissonance

Back 56

the sense of mental discomfort that prompts a person to change when new infro conflicts with previously organized patterns

Front 57

Social judgement theory

Back 57

theory that categorizes listener responses to a persuazive message as in the latitude of acceptance, the latitude of rejection, or the latitude of non-commitment

Front 58

Proposition of fact

Back 58

a proposition that focuses on whether something is true of false or wheter it did or did not happen

Front 59

Proposition of value

Back 59

calls for the listener to judge the worth or importance of something

Front 60

Proposition of policy

Back 60

advocates a change in policy, procedure, or behaivor

Front 61

Ethos

Back 61

term to refer to a speaker's credibility

Front 62

Competence

Back 62

an aspect of a speaker's credibility that reflects wheather the speaker is percieved as informed, skilled, or knowlegdeable

Front 63

trustworthiness

Back 63

an aspect of a speaker's credibility that reflects wheter the speak is perceived as being believable and honest

Front 64

dynamism

Back 64

an aspect of a speaker's credibility that relfects whether the speaker is perceived as energetic

Front 65

Pathos

Back 65

term used to appeals of human emotion

Front 66

logos

Back 66

term used to refer to logic

Front 67

Inductive reasoning

Back 67

reasoning that uses specific instances or examples to reach a general, probable conclusion

Front 68

Deductive reasoning

Back 68

reasoning that moves from a general statements or principle to a specific, certain conclusion

Front 69

Casual fallacy

Back 69

a faulty cause and effect conncection between two things or events

Front 70

bandwagon fallacy

Back 70

reasoning that suggest that because everyone else believes something or is doing something, then is must be valid or correct

Front 71

either/or fallacy

Back 71

the oversimplification of an issue into a choice between only two outcomes or possibilities

Front 72

hasty generalization

Back 72

a conclusion reached without adequate evidence

Front 73

Ad Hominem

Back 73

an attack or irrelevant personal characteristics of the person who is proposing an idea rather than on the idea itself

Front 74

red herring

Back 74

irrelevant facts or information used to distract someone from the issue under discussion

Front 75

appeal to misplaced authority

Back 75

use of the testimony of an expert in a given field to endorse an idea or product for whith the expert doen not have the appopriate credentials or expertise

Front 76

Tips for using emotion to persuade

Back 76

use concrete examples, use emotion arousing words, use nonverbals to communicate emotion, use visual images to evoke emotions, use appropriate metaphors and similies, use appropriate fear appeals

Front 77

Persuading the receptive audience

Back 77

identify with your audience, clearly state your speaking objective, tell you audience exactly what you want them to do, use emotional appeals effectively

Front 78

persuading the neutral audience

Back 78

capture the attention early, refer to beliefs that many listeners share, be realistic about what you can accomplish

Front 79

persuading the unreceptive audience

Back 79

don't immediatly announce that you plan to change their minds, begin your speech by nothing areas or agreement beofre you discuss areas of disagreement, don't expect a major shift

Front 80

5 canons

Back 80

invention, arrangement, style, memory(lost), delivery

Front 81

Refutation speaking

Back 81

credibility, evidence, reasoning, guard agaist fallacies, use emotional appeals, remember eithical concerns, anticipate and prevent counter arguments

Front 82

Rebuttal speech

Back 82

listen carefully, take notes, organize your response to their main points, attack credibility, look for fallacies, counterarguments

Front 83

Rhetoric

Back 83

The faculty of observing in any given situation tall the availiable means of persuasion.