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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Communication Apprehension
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The fear or dread of negative responses you might experience because you speak out
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Public Speaking Anxiety
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Fear or dread specifically related to speaking in public
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Process Anxiety
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Fear due to lack of confidence in knowing how to preparea speech
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Performance Anxiety
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Fear of forgetting or of presenting your speech poorly
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Communication Competence
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The ability to communicate appropriately and successfully
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Rhetoric
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The art of persuasive public speaking; a term often used negatively
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Culture
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The integrated system of learned beliefs, values, behaviors, and norms that include visible (clothing, food) and underlying (core beliefs, worldview) characteristics of a society
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Co-culture
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Subgroup of culture, characterized by mild or profound cultural differences, that coexists within the larger culture
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Rhetorical Sensitivity
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The ability to adapt to a variety of audiences and settings and to perform appropriately in diverse social situations
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Core Cultural Resources
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Beliefs, values, attitudes, and behaviors that provide a logical basis for a culture to define what is necessary, right, doubtful, or forbidden
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Belief
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Mental acceptance that something is true or false, valid or invalid
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Value
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Ideal by which we judge what is important and moral.
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Attitude
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Predisposition to evaluate, either positively or negatively, persons, objects, symbols, and the like
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Behavior
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Action considered appropriate or normal within a cultural group
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Oral Cultures
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Cultures with no writing and no way to record and send messages apart from face-to-face interactions
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Literate Cultures
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Cultures in which people record their ideas in words that can be sent across space and time; this leads to linear thinking and outlining of ideas
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Electronic Culture
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culture with technology that can store information on audiotapes, videotapes, CDs, and so on. Technology shrinks the globe and enables people to communicate instantly across great distances
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Nonexpressive Cultures
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Members value privacy and encourage people to keep their emotions and ideas to themselves rather than to express them publicly
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Expressive Cultures
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Members are encouraged to give their opinions, speak their minds, and let their feelings show
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Communication Style
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A culture's preferred ways of communicating given its core assumptions and norms
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Bicultural
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and applying different rules for competent behaviors in two cultures
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Transactional Model of Communication
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Represents commutucation as a process in which speakers and listeners work together to create mutual meanings
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Canons of Rhetoric
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Principles, standards, nornis, or guidelines for creating and delivering a speech
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Canon of Invention
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Invention principles for designing a speech that meets a need a specific audience has
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Canon of Disposition or Arrangement
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guidelines for organizing a speech
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Connectives
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Words and phrases that you use to tie your ideas together
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Style
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In rhetoric, style means language
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Canon of Style
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Principles for choosing effective language
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Canon of Memory
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Guidelines to help you remember your ideas
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Memorized Delivery
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Learning the speech by heart, then reciting it
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Manuscript Delivery
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Reading a speech
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Impromptu Delivery
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Speaking with little advanced preparation
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Extemporaneous Delivery
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Preparing a speech carefully in advance but choosing the exact wording during the speech itself
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Canon of Delivery
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Rules or standards for presenting your speech
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Physiological Anxiety
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Bodily responses to a perceived threat (increased heart rate, adrenaline rush
Psychological Anxiety Mental stress about a perceived threat |
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Fight-or-Flight Mechanism
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Physiological mechanism your body automatically activates when threatened to enable you to fight or to flee
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Cognitive Modification
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Identifying negative thoughts and replacing them with positive ones
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Visualization
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Rehearsing by using your imagination to envision your speech from start to finish
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Ethical Dilemma
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Ethical question or problem that arises when a communicator must balance important but competing beliefs and values
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Ethics
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Making a conscious decision to communicate in ways that you, in light of your cultural ideals, consider right, fair, honest, and helpful to yourself and others
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Rightsabilities
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Phrase coined by Professor Vernon Jensen to highlight the tension that exists between our right to free speech and our responsibility for our speeches
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Resisting
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Response to diversity in which you refuse to change, defend your own positions, or attack others
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Assimilating
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Response to diversity in which you surrender some or most of your ways and adopt cultural patterns of another group
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Accommodating
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Response to diversity in which you listen and evaluate the views of others; both sides adapt, modify, and bargain to reach mutual agreements
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Multivocal Society
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Society that actively seeks expression of a variety of voices or viewpoints
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Voice
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Ideas, opinions, and wishes of a person or group that are expressed openly and formally
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Vir bonum, dicendi peritus
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The good person, skilled in speakng
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Dialogical Theory
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Theory that conversation is the foundation for all cornmunication; speakers and listeners work together actively to co-create meaning
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Dialogical Speakers
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Speakers who value traits such as authenticity and openness and who consequently show respect for their audience
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Monological Speakers
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Speakers who impose their own agenda regardless of the needs of their audience
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Respons-ibility
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Speakers and listeners respond to one another and come to mutual understandings
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Civility
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Self-control or moderation, in contrast to pride or arrogance; civil speakers persuade, consult, and compromise rather than coerce and manipulate
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Hecklers
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People who taunt, insult, ndicule, or shout down another person
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Plagiarism
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Presenting the words or ideas of others as if they were your own
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Fabricate
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Make up information or repeat a rumor without sufficiently checking its accuracy
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Cultural Allusions
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References to historical, literary, and religious sources that are familiar in a specific culture
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Stereotype
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Place someone in a category, then assume the person fits the characteristics of the category
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Prejudiced
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Having pre-formed biases or judgments, whether negative or positive
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Speech-Thought Differential
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The difference between the rate you think (about 500 words per minute) and the rate you speak (about 150 words per minute)
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Leftover Thinking Space
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Another term for the difference between your thinking rate and your speaking rate
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Schernas
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Mental plans or models that guide your. perception, interpretation, storage, and recollection of a speech
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Comprehensive Listening
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Listening to learn, understand, or get information
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Critical Listening
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Listening that requires you to reflect and weigh the merits of persuasive messages before you accept them
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Loaded Questions
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Questions containing implicanons intended to put the speaker on the defensive
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Closed Questions
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Requests for brief, specific answers
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Open Questions
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Requests for more lengthy responses
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Clarification Questions
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Requests to clear up confusing ideas
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Requests for Elaboration
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Questions asking for more information
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Comment
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Information from personal experience or research
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