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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Media
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Any technology that carries a message
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Mass Media
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distribute standardized messages to mass audiences
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Personal Media
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distribute customized messages to smaller audiences or to individuals
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What is the largest overall media exporter in the world?
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USA
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Cultural Myopia
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people who are not exposed to another country through a range of media content are prone to evaluating that country with shortsighted negativity
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Rhetorical Perspective
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can offer an analysis of how media "invite" a particular audience to think, feel, or behave, given a particular context
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Audience
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readers of this book, people who access the media content described in this book
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Globalization
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a kind of worldwide climate in which people, industries, governments, and countries across the world are being propelled into closer political, economic, and cultural unions
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Epistemological
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the investigation of what distinguishes justified belief from opinion
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Four Factors Stimulating Globalization
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International Travel, Communication Technologies, Global Media Conglomerates, Audience Curiosity
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Criticism of Globalization
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Homogenization of Media, Unfairness in Global Information Flow, Spread of Cultural Imperialism
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Ethnocentric
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In global information flow, that it lacks a global perspective on life
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Exocentric
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in global information flow, it lacks a homegrown perspective on life
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Worldcentric
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in global information flow, that it offers a more global perspective on life
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News Wholesalers
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sell information (facts, news stories, audio sound bites and video footage) to media organizations around the world
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Cultural Imperialism
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Culture in less media-savvy countries is being diluted by culture represented in the media content imported from more media-savvy countries
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Electronic Colonialism
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Begins with the combination of a desire by developing countries to stimulate their domestic media offerings, and a desire by media conglomerates and advertisers to sell products and services to foreign markets.
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Methodological Approach
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a way of studying a phenomenon systematically and is composed of a conceptual framework breaking down into the variables that make up this framework
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Conceptual Framework
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a set of connecting assumptions that guide the approach and variables that are used to generate information
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System
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a collection of interrelated parts in motion that make up a whole
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Media Content
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the most noticeable element that comes into play in a media system
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Elements of a Media System
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1. Cultural Characteristics
2. Philosophies for Media Systems 3. Regulation of Media 4. Financing of Media 5. Accessibility of Media 6. Media Content 7. News Reporting 8. Media Imports and Exports 9. Media Audiences |
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Cultural Characteristics
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Local or domestic conditions that influence more subtle attributes of the tree. (soil conditions)
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Philosophies for media systems
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The media system of one country can co-mingle with the media system of another country (roots of a tree)
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Regulation
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Trunk of the tree. Provides basic parameters for the support of the smaller feeder branches of the tree
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Financing
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Main tree branches
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Accessibility
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feeder branches
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Content
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leaves
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News Reporting
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standout leaves
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Imports/exports
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seeds
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Audience
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living creatures that observe the tree
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France
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Very proud of their language, value beauty in their surroundings, parliamentary democracy
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Sweden
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Most speak English very well, value nature and for taking "natural" approaches to daily living, no commercially developed coastlines, open society, parliamentary democracy
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UK
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class system, high literacy rates, take a keen interest in studying what they observe, educated about a wide range of subjects, parliamentary monarchy
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USA
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Known for believing in "the American dream," more than half attend church, work hard in comparison to Europeans, interested in practicality more than aesthetics, representative democracy
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Mexico
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Known for having outdoor street vendors, find subtle humor in all situations, very festive, strongly influenced by Catholicism, quasi-representative democracy
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China
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largest population in the world, known for the practice of networking in business dealings, practice holistic medicine, value artistic performance, Chinese fables and Opera, one-party political system
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Ghana
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Developing country, religion plays a big part in the lives of most people, known for exhibiting collectivist behaviors, outdoor vendors, parliamentary democracy
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Lebanon
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Arabic, known for embracing politeness and saving face, fluid perception of time, strive to be first in almost everything, parliamentary republic with weak national government
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Media Philosophies
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1. Authoritarian
2. Libertarian 3. Communist 4. Social Responsibility 5. Developmental 6. Democratic-Participant |
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Authoritarian
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the head of the country is an all-knowing ruler who deserves obedience and acquiescence
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Libertarian
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the individual is responsible for civic participation and the discovery of truth. Individuals take responsibility for their own actions
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Communist Philosophy
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the role of the state is to be the caretaker for the well-being of society. A centralized government plans the distribution of both the necessities of sustenance and the pleasures of culture. The individual's role is to respect the state's objectives.
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Social Responsibility Philosophy
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the government influence to media to provide fair and balanced information with a goal of effecting change for the better in society.
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Bully pulpit
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government leaders threaten government action, which puts pressure on media professionals to establish their own codes of conduct through professional associations (Social Responsibility)
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Regulation
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government enacts legally binding regulations that are designed to preserve a standard of quality to media content. Passed through legislation or issued by government agencies. (Social Responsibility)
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Developmental Philosophy
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Media are to improve the social conditions of developing nations. Foster stability and autonomy, advancing democracy and free-market economics
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Watchdog
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media serve as a watchdog on the activities of government, especially efforts to improve physical infrastructure. (developmental)
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Cultural Autonomy
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assumes that for a developing country to remain or become established as an independent and viable nation, the country's media system promotes the country's distinctive culture. (developmental)
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Democratic-Participant
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holds that citizen-created content is essential to all forms of government. The role of the citizen in the formation of social policy is meant to vary according to the structure of a country's government, but the citizen's voice is central to any government
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Categories of Regulatory Bodies
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1.Government-Related Agencies
2. Media Organizations/Professional Organizations 3. Citizen Groups 4. Advertisers and Sponsors 5. Audiences |
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Regulation
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influences on media operations and media content
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watershed
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safe harbor in USA, a specific time period late at night in which certain restrictions on content are relaxed because of the assumption that minors are not watching television or listening to the radio.
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Minutage
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the total number of advertising minutes allowed during a prescribed segment of time
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Bumper
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a momentary graphic that appears on the television screen between regular programming and advertising to create clear separation between the 2 types of content
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Methods of Financing
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1. Advertising
2. License Fee 3. Government appropriation 4. User Fees 5. Donation |
