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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Orson Wells |
War of the Worlds broadcast gone wrong |
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Joshua Meyrowitz |
Development of media can lead to radical changes in society |
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Media Ecology |
the study of media environments and their effects |
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Active Audience effects |
-Geographics (location) -Demographics (details) -Psychographics (interests) |
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Uses and Grats theory |
-Elihu Katz -WE go to the media to satisfy needs |
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Framing the message |
-media influences HOW to think about things |
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Media dependency |
-Sandra Ball-Rokeach & Melvin DeFleur -the more dependent an individual is on the media for having his or her needs fulfilled |
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Stereotyping |
-a shorthand to facilitate communication -can be positive or negative -based on shared understanding -natural coping mechanism -made because media doesn't have time to develop unique characters |
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SMRC |
Sender Message Channel Receiver model |
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Intrapersonal |
talking to yourself... |
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interpersonal |
-talking to another human being -two way communication |
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Mass |
-when a sender uses technology to send a message to a large mixed audience -one way communication |
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Synchronous Mass |
audience is present when message is sent (live TV, Radio) |
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Asynchronus Mass |
audience can see after the fact (on demand, music) |
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acta Diurna |
first newspaper |
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Oral communities |
local, tribal |
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print communities |
-no limits on communication -laws documented -language stabilized |
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agricultural communities |
Early america = rural |
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Industrial Evolution communities |
Telegraph radios and nickelodeans |
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Information communities |
-pervasive - digital nation -internet -interconnected and dependant -information overload |
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information storage factors |
longevity capacity portability accessibility reproducibility |
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Technological convergence |
specific types of media are coming together (iPhone) |
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Economic Convergence |
merging of internet with traditional media companies |
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cultural convergence |
coming together of cultures |
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function of mass communication |
-Surveillance -Correlation -Cultural Transmission |
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Surveillance (function of mass communication) |
journalism function - providing information the weather |
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Correlation (function of mass communication) |
Individuals use of media to interpret events |
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Cultural transmission (function of mass communication) |
transference of dominant cultures to subcultures |
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The dimensions of media literacy |
Cognitive - intelectual Emotional - feelings Aesthetic - artistic Moral - values |
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Commercial forces |
monopoly oligopy (Media ownership/diversity is limited) |
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Short head |
Many people interested in few products (apple, in-n-out) |
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long tail |
few people interested in many products |
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Media conglomerates |
Comcast Disney Time warner Viacom CBS News Corporation |
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gatekeeping |
-filtering what information is being shown to you (Product placement) |
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2 types of consolidation |
-horizontal integration - controlling more than one type of media (monopoly) -vertical integration - controlling every aspect of a media product from production through distribution |
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Transmission model |
culture |
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ritual model |
how receivers consume media (throwback thursday, Super Bowl sunday) |
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publicity Model |
-media creates importance regardless of importance |
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reception model |
-media changes how you view things |
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Stereotyping |
-coping mechanism -television stereotypes: underrepresentation leads to ageism and ableism |
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Hypodermic needle effect |
-Lippman and Lasswell -direct effects -war of the worlds radio story -we take in media defenselessly |
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Propaganda |
-advertising to mold public opinion |
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Josh Meyrowitz |
- Developmentof Media creates cultural change - |
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Marshal McLuhan |
"Medium is the message" |
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copy cat crime effect |
shootings example. |
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two step flow theory |
-lazarfelds peoples choice study (elections were affected by community opinion leaders) -info comes to opinion leaders and they distribute to the people |
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functional analysis theory |
-Harold Lasswell -Surveillance of the enviroment -Correlation of different elements of society (how we interpret -Transmission of culture from one generation to the next -Entertainment (added by charles wright) |
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Uses and Gratifications theory |
-Katz -uses: entertainment, escapism, companionship, problem solving, personal enrichment, Catharsis -assumptions: Active audience has specific wants, media has lots of options, |
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Agenda setting theory |
-Donald Shaw and Maxwell McCombs -the media bestows prestige and authority -issues that are important to the media become important to the people -media decides/influences what we talk about |
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semiotics theory |
-study of signs and symbols -signfier - how the symbol is represented -signified - symbol -Sapir Whorf Hypothesis-Linguistic determinism (we are dependent on language to think/process) |
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Agenda setting Theory |
-Shaw & McCombs -when media sets our agendas/whats important -media does NOT decide what we think, but it DOES decide WHAT we think about |
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Framing the message |
casting a bias telling you how to think about something |
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Cultivation Analysis Theory |
-Gerbner -watching lots of TV cultivates a personal reality differing from actual reality -mean world syndrome |
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Desensitizing theory |
-high exposure to violence = high tolerance for violence |
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Social learning theory |
-Albert Bandura and the bobo doll 3 steps to social learning theory 1. we extract info from situations we observe. 2. we integrate observations to create rules about how the world operates 3. we put rules into practice to regulate our own/others behavior |
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4th and 5th estates |
-The press/media -bloggers |
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Shield Laws |
-protect journalists from testifying in court or divulge sources -Allow journalists to freely report the news |
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Alien Sedition acts |
-punished anyone who published “false, scandalous, or malicious writings” against the U.S. government |
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Schenck V. U.S. |
-”clear and present danger” rule established |
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Defamation |
-Libel - written (anything published) -Slander - spoken requirements to prove defamation -defamation of character -identification (person must be identified) -publication -truth is an absolute defense |
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Indecency |
-subject to federal regulation -safe harbor period (10pm to 6am) |
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Obscenity |
-Unprotected by the first amendment |
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4 ways to invade privacy |
intrusion - physical trespass embarrassment false light - creating false impression Misappropriation of identity - using identity for commercial issues |
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Nellie Bly |
-Female Journalist -committed herself into an asylum |
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Copyright |
-provides protection for creative works -Work must be fixed -Protects expression of ideas (not JUST ideas) -protected from time of creation for the lifetime of the author plus 70 years |
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-copyright fair use |
teaching research news reporting critical reviews |
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the golden mean |
-moral values lies between two extremes, moderation is the key |
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Categorical Imperative |
-Kant -what is right for one is right for all -right is right and always applies, no matter what |
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Utilitarianism |
-John Stuart Mill -greatest benefit for the greatest number -”the good of many outweighs the good of the few, or the one” |
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Veil of Ignorance |
-John Rawls -Justice is blind and emerges when everyone is treated without social differentiations |
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4 canons of journalism |
Seek truth and report it Minimize harm Act independently Be accountable |
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Traditional journalism |
-Accuracy -pre publication verification -balance -impartiality -gatekeeping |
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Online journalism |
-Immediacy -transparency -partiality |
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Kenny Irby’s ethics questions to ask: |
-How would they react over a bowl of cheerios? -show dead bodies? -show blood? -show people naked? -if my child saw this? |
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Howard and Korver’s tests: |
“how would you feel…” -other shoe -front page -loved one -role model -mother’s |
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John Peter Zenger |
newspaper owner who trumped the court |
