Common Derm Problems 1, 2

Front 1

Auspitz sign: defn

Back 1

mechanical removal of scale from a psoriatic plaque results in bleeding

Front 2

dandruff is aka

Back 2

seborrheic dermatitis

Front 3

Pityriasis Rosea: how does it typically begin?

Back 3

With a herald patch, followed by development of characteristic lesions, primarily on the trunk.

Front 4

Pityriasis Rosea: associated with what pattern?

Back 4

"Christmas tree" - long axis of lesions lay parallel to natural skin folds across the back

Front 5

Pityriasis Rosea: cause

Back 5

Unknown, may be viral. More common in spring and fall.

Front 6

Superficial Fungal Infections: dx

Back 6

KOH (or fungal culture)

Front 7

On KOH prep, dermatophyte infections show what?

Back 7

BRANCHING, SEPTATED hyphae

Front 8

Which of the tineas isn't caused by dermatophytes?

Back 8

Tinea versicolor

Front 9

Tinea versicolor: cause

Back 9

overgrowth of pityrosporum (malassezia) - the same one associated with dandruff

Front 10

Tinea versicolor: symptoms

Back 10

fine, scaly, confetti-like macules. Usually hypopigmented (may be hyperpigmented).

Front 11

On KOH prep, pityrosporum infections show what?

Back 11

SHORT, NON-BRANCHING hyphae and spores (spaghetti and meatball appearance)

Front 12

Where does candidiasis (Candida albicans infection) occur?

Back 12

moist cutaneous sites and mucosal surfaces.

Front 13

On KOH prep, candida infections show what?

Back 13

pseudohyphae

Front 14

Most HPV infections manifest as what?

Back 14

Discrete, verrucous papules and plaques due to benign epithelial hyperplasia.

Front 15

Molluscum contagiosum: cause

Back 15

pox virus

Front 16

If there is an extensive number of warts of molluscum contagiosum lesions, suspicion should be raised for what?

Back 16

HIV

Front 17

T/F Tzanck test can differentiate between HSV1, HSV2, and VZV

Back 17

F

Front 18

Impetigo: characteristic lesion

Back 18

honey-colored crust

Front 19

Impetigo: cause

Back 19

bacterial. Either S. aureus or group A Strep

Front 20

Cellulitis: defn

Back 20

suppurative bacterial infection involving SUBCUTANEOUS tissue mainly

Front 21

Cellulitis: cause

Back 21

S. aureus or S. pyogenes

Front 22

Cellulitis: associated symptoms

Back 22

fever, malaise, leukocytosis.

Front 23

Erysipelas: defn

Back 23

acute bacterial infection of skin involving superficial dermal lymphatics due to beta-hemolytic group A strep. Localized scarlet redness, heat, marked swelling, and a highly characteristic raised, indurated border.

Front 24

Erysipelas: most common place of involvement

Back 24

face

Front 25

Erysipelas: cause

Back 25

Group A strep - ALWAYS

Front 26

Group A strep typically causes what skin infections?

Back 26

erysipelas, impetigo

Front 27

S aureus typically causes what skin infections?

Back 27

Cellulitis, Impetigo

Front 28

Strep pyogenes typically causes what skin infections?

Back 28

Cellulitis

Front 29

What happens in a scabies infection?

Back 29

female mite burrows into stratum corneum and lays eggs

Front 30

Scabies: dx

Back 30

wet prep

Front 31

Which is more serious and why: scabies or lice?

Back 31

Lice. Can carry and transmit diseases.

Front 32

Which is more common: scabies or lice?

Back 32

scabies

Front 33

Vesiculobullous Disorders: defn

Back 33

type of skin disease that is characterized by blisters including bullae

Front 34

Pemphigus vulgaris: defn

Back 34

serious autoimmune disease of skin that is often fatal unless treated with immunosuppressives.

Front 35

Pemphigus vulgaris: what is the auto-antibody against?

Back 35

Structural proteins in the desmosome

Front 36

Pemphigus vulgaris: pathophys

Back 36

autoimmune attack of desmosomes causes epidermis to fall apart (acantholysis)

Front 37

acantholysis: defn

Back 37

epidermis falling apart

Front 38

Pemphigus vulgaris: what type of blister?

Back 38

INTRAepithelial.

since it's above BM, it is fragile and may spontaneously rupture

Front 39

Bullous pemphigoid: defn

Back 39

Autoimmune blistering disorder. Rarely affects mucus membranes and is rarely fatal.

Front 40

Bullous pemphigoid: what is the auto-antibody against?

Back 40

A protein in the desmosome, part of the basement membrane zone.

Front 41

Bullous pemphigoid: pathophys

Back 41

autoimmune attack of the hemidesmosomal attachment to BMZ.

Front 42

Bullous pemphigoid: what type of blister?

Back 42

Subepithelial.

Entire epidermis floats up.

Front 43

Epidermolysis bullosa: defn

Back 43

heritable group of disorders each of which has a defect in <b>structural proteins of the basement membrane of the epidermis</b>.

Front 44

Folliculitis: defn

Back 44

Common and superficial pyogenic infection of the hair follicles

Front 45

Folliculitis: Most common organism

Back 45

S. aureus

Front 46

comedo: defn

Back 46

primary lesion of acne

Front 47

Acne vulgaris: pathophys

Back 47

1) obstruction of follicular orifice of pilosebaceous unit
2) increase in sebum production

Front 48

Bacteria associated with acne vulgaris

Back 48

propionibacterium acnes

Front 49

propionibacterium acnes: what is method of causing acne?

Back 49

converts sebaceous gland lipids into free fatty acids, which are proinflammatory

Front 50

Acne Rosacea: defn and pathophys

Back 50

Common inflam chronic condition.

Peculiar increase in vascular reactivity to triggers like heat, etc.

Front 51

Rhinophyma : defn

Back 51

enlargement of nose

Front 52

Acne Rosacea: more associated with what ethnic groups?

Back 52

Fairer skin types, north european heritage.

Front 53

Disorders of Pigmentation have what in common?

Back 53

All disorders deal with alterations in melanin production

Front 54

Acne Rosacea: what does it look like?

Back 54

Flush and blush.

Later, may develop inflammatory papules and pustules, fixed erythema and telangiectasia.

Front 55

Immediate tanning: defn and pathophys

Back 55

alteration in oxidized state of existing melanin, making it appear darker. Occurs when skin is exposed to UVA radiation.

Front 56

Delayed tanning: defn and pathophys

Back 56

production of more melanin, due to UVB exposure.

Front 57

Vitiligo: defn

Back 57

Chronic, acquired condition which occurs due to local loss of melanocytes

Front 58

Albinism: pathophys

Back 58

Defective melanin production and/or packaging (group of disorders)

Front 59

Albinism: associated symptoms

Back 59

nystagmus
reduction in visual acuity

Front 60

seborrheic keratosis:defn

Back 60

benign and localized proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes

Front 61

Proliferation of benign melanocytes is aka

Back 61

melanocytic NEVI

Front 62

hemangioma: pathophys

Back 62

Vascular process. Can be proliferation or hypertrophy, can be arterio-venous malformation

Front 63

arterio-venous malformation: defn

Back 63

abnormal connection between veins and arteries, usually congenital.

Front 64

Epidermal inclusion cyst is aka

Back 64

follicular cyst, infundibular type

Front 65

Epidermal inclusion cyst: what makes up the wall?

Back 65

keratinocytes

Front 66

What is the lining of all true cysts?

Back 66

Epithelial

Front 67

Dermatofibroma: what cell type?

Back 67

dermal fibroblasts

Front 68

basal cell carcinoma: what cell type?

Back 68

basal cell layer of epidermis

Front 69

most common skin cancer

Back 69

basal cell carcinoma

Front 70

basal cell carcinoma: typical place of occurrence

Back 70

upper lip (and face)

Front 71

basal cell carcinoma: gross appearance

Back 71

pearly papule with telangiectasia

Front 72

Premalignant lesion for SCC

Back 72

actinic keratosis

Front 73

squamous cell carcinoma of skin: gross appearance

Back 73

Looks like a persistent sore. Variably indurated, scaly plaques or papules.

Front 74

T/F Most melanomas develop from existing moles

Back 74

F. Most develop de novo.

Front 75

melanoma risk factors

Back 75

1) Family history
2) Lighter skin type
3) UV light exposure
4) Presence of lots of moles
5) Presence of giant congenital nevus

Front 76

Most important prognostic factor in melanoma

Back 76

DEPTH (lesion thickness)

Front 77

ABCDEs for melanoma

Back 77

Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolution

Front 78

Cutaneous T cell Lymphoma (CTCL): defn

Back 78

very uncommon group of cutaneous malignancies of lymphocytes (mostly CD4).

Front 79

mycosis fungoides: defn

Back 79

most common form of Cutaneous T cell Lymphoma (CTCL)

Front 80

Urticaria last how long?

Back 80

<24 hours

Front 81

acute urticaria are Ig_ related

Back 81

E

Front 82

palpable purpura is the buzz word for what?

Back 82

small vessel vasculitis