Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the average number of colds per year?
|
3 to 10.
|
|
|
How long does a usual cold last?
|
10 to 14 days
|
|
|
How many days of cold symptoms per year?
|
140 days
|
|
|
Most frequent virus causing common cold
|
rhinovirus
|
|
|
Other viruses that cause common cold
|
Rhinoviruses, Coronaviruses, Respiratory syncytial virus, Parainfluenza viruses, Adenoviruses, Nonpolio enteroviruses, Influenza viruses, Reoviruses
|
|
|
Transmission of common cold
|
primarily through contamination of hands and objects by infectious nasal secretions; self-inoculation via the nose or conjunctivae
|
|
|
Incubation period
|
typically 1 to 5 days and up to 7 days
|
|
|
How long is patient contagious?
|
From before symptoms present until day 7-10 (or up to 3 weeks)
|
|
|
the major categories of medicine found in most cough and cold medicines
|
antihistamines, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, analgesics
|
|
|
What medicines did JAMA find useful in cold medicines for preschool-age children?
|
None
|
|
|
What do antihistamines do?
|
Block H1 receptors on nasal vasculature and compete with histamine for receptor sites
|
|
|
What other properties do first-generation antihistamines have?
|
anticholinergic properties
|
|
|
Which effect is thought to help with common cold, antihistamine or anticholinergic?
|
anticholinergic drying action on mucous membranes
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Antihistamines
|
Sedation, Paradoxic excitability, Dizziness, Respiratory depression, Hallucinations, Tachycardia, Heart block, Arrhythmia, Dry mouth, Blurred vision, Urinary retention
|
|
|
Second generation antihistamines do not have what property that first generation antihistamines have?
|
|
|
|
What medicines did JAMA find useful in cold medicines for adolescents or adults?
|
chlorpheniramine maleate, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, oxymetazoline hydrochloride, ipratropium bromide, and atropine methonitrate
|
|
|
What generation antihistamine is terfenadine?
|
second-generation
|
|
|
What generation antihistamine is astemizole?
|
second-generation
|
|
|
What generation antihistamine is loratadine?
|
second-generation
|
|
|
What generation antihistamine is cetirizine?
|
second-generation
|
|
|
How do decongestants work?
|
sympathomimetic agents that decrease nasal congestion by causing vasoconstriction
|
|
|
Adverse effects of topical nasal decongestants
|
significant rebound congestion, which is especially dangerous in infants 6 months of age and younger; Continued use of topical decongestants can cause rhinitis medicamentosa, a chronic inflammatory rhinitis, nosebleeds
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Systemic Decongestants
|
Tachycardia, Irritability, Agitation, Sleeplessness, Hypertension, Anorexia, Headache, Nausea, Vomiting, Palpitations, Dysrhythmias, Seizures, Dystonic reactions
|
|
|
Narcotic cough medicines contain
|
codeine or hydrocodone, which act on the medullary cough center in the brainstem
|
|
|
Most common nonnarcotic coughmedicine
|
dextromethorphan
|
|
|
Which suppress cough in children, narcotic or nonnarcotic cough medicines
|
neither
|
|
|
guaifenesin
|
expectorant; doesn’t work
|
|
|
supportive therapies
|
humidified air, bulb suctioning, saline nasal drops, positioning with the head elevated, and increased fluid intake
|
|
|
What percent of poison exposures in kids <6 are from CCM?
|
5.3%
|
