Comm.and Pop Culture Midterm

Front 1

According to the the basic model of ___ ___, "the media are themselves being made while they are simultaneously making something else." The process is __-__ and active.

Back 1

Mediamaking
Two-way

Front 2

Of the two types of models of communication, _____/_____ models see comm. as an act or process in which message/meaning is transported from one place to another. Is a process.

Back 2

transportation/transmission models

Front 3

One of the two basic models of comm., ____ models view process of communication as the production of common culture and are tied to notions of community.

Back 3

Cultural models

Front 4

Of the two competing views of reality, the ______ view of reality is external, knowable, fact-based, and ordered according to straightforward principle.

Back 4

Commonsense view of reality

Front 5

Of the two competing views of reality, the ___ ____ view of reality stats that reality is unknowable except through our cultural perceptions and understandings, as comm. is the "space of mediation."

Back 5

Cultural Construction views of reality

Front 6

The ____, or auteur, in most mediated, cultural texts, is multiple.
Traditional cultural approaches heavily emphasize the role of the auteur: who they are, relation to them, intentions.

Back 6

author

Front 7

Contemporary deconstructive, semiotic (cultural models) approaches de-emphasize the importance of the _____. source

Back 7

source

Front 8

Messages are ______: they are ambiguous and have more than one meaning

Back 8

polysemantic

Front 9

Semiotics is based on signs and codes. Signs have two parts: the _____: the material form, ie., a note, sound, word(s), visual, object

And the _____: the connected or linked or articulated meaning

Back 9

signifier

signified

Front 10

____ are systems of signs. Cultural meaning depends on culturally constructed and shared these.

Back 10

codes

Front 11

____ or interference are elements that interfere with or change the communication process. These are more important in transmission models. The source may by bias, unclear thinking, lack of skill and incompetence. The message may be disorganized, contradictory, and unintentional. The receiver may be tired, bored, bias, and may add their own interpretations. In the context their may be noise, distractions, etc.

Back 11

barriers

Front 12

____ is immediate in face-to-face contexts, but is at best inaccurate and ____ in mediated channels.

Back 12

feedback

delayed

Front 13

___ is the process of making messages, while ___ is the process of consuming and interpreting them.

Back 13

Encoding

Decoding

Front 14

____ is the circumstance in which a message is encoded or decoded, ie., time, place, culture, historical, and personal and social events. Private vs. Public may effect. (love songs, horror movies, etc.)

Back 14

context

Front 15

The ____ (s) (audience) are the people who are exposed to a text. They can be viewed as consumers, communities (of users or fans), and as commodities (sold to advertisers andmarketers).

Back 15

receiver

Hint 15

CCC yourself correctly

Front 16

Cultural models in particular are apt to concentrate on the audience to emphasize the _____ audiences make.

Back 16

meaning

Front 17

According to ____, ____ create communities with a collective shared sense of identity that is built around their appreciation of a particular performer.

Back 17

Lewis

fans

Front 18

According to ___, a member of a ______ visibly displays his/her identification with the icon of popular culture. Often involved in resistance.

Back 18

subculture

Front 19

___ ____ involves texts and information widely available throughout the culture and widely known whether or not most people have any deep attachment to those texts.

Back 19

mass culture

Front 20

On the other hand, ___ ____ involves a much narrower, more restricted group of texts marked by the traditional cultural canon even if that canon has recently opened up to more diverse multicultural texts

Back 20

elite culture

Front 21

There are three important qualities of popular culture:
1. It is, in a sense, the "___ __ _____ ____" - not uncommon, special, or diff.

2. It involves the _____ __ ____ - 'popular' is better construed with how important, or vital, the text is

3. It is ____ by the users

Back 21

"Stuff of everyday life"

intensity of the appeal

chosen

Front 22

According to Nachbar and Lause's Popular cultural formula;

"the ____ of a given cultural ____ (object, person, event) is directly ____ to the degree to which that element is ____ of audience beliefs and ____."

Back 22

popularity
element
proportional
reflective
values

Front 23

The problem with the popular cultural formula is that it is too ____, ignoring marketing, accomplishments, and using a mass culture approach.

Back 23

simplistic

Front 24

The ____ is the spirit of an era, or the cultural mindset - view or understanding of reality. This involves two aspects:

1. ___ aspects are short term values and understandings

2. ___ aspects are beliefs and values that transcend the specific time period and represent the fundamental character of culture itself.

Back 24

Zeitgeist

transitory

concrete

Front 25

Elite culture reflects the culture of those with the social, educational, or economic position and ___ to enforce standards of judgment on others.

Back 25

power

Front 26

The basic underlying characteristic that distinguished mass culture from popular culture is that popular culture involves ____ audiences, while mass culture involves ____ audiences.

Back 26

active
vs.
passive

Front 27

In the problem of _____:

1.___ evaluate, judge, and label cultural canons as good and bad

2. ___ describe and analyze culture

Back 27

evaluation

critics

cameras

Front 28

____ is the stories, values, myths, maps, codes, ideologies, etc. by which we make our lives. Can be looked at as the group of people, the stories themselves, and the artifacts by which they tell themselves.

Back 28

culture

Front 29

____ groups tell themselves some additional or different stories or use atypical means of telling

Back 29

subcultural

Front 30

______ groups tell themselves at least some stories in active opposition to those told by mainstream culture

Back 30

countercultural

Front 31

___ ___ are special, important, symbolic cultural texts which are particularly important and generate central values for the group. Are more than mere signs and express deep-seated significant beliefs

Back 31

cultural icons

Front 32

There are two categories of cultural icons:

1. ___ cultural icons are conscious articulations of the cultural mindset and are powerful, exploited, and manipulated

2. ____ cultural icons involves unconscious resonance and choice, more accurate of what a cultural mindset is as opposed to what that mindset thinks it is

Back 32

pure

functional

Front 33

____ ____ is the understanding of reality or view of the world created by mediated cultural texts

Back 33

mediated reality

Front 34

The ___ ___ describes the relationship between mediated reality and life. This effect involves 4 elements:

1. how is communicated, ie music, painting, etc
2. acuality
3. CMR- what is made by source. heightened, as in art
4. PMR- what is consumed, actual interpretation. Applied to general understanding of life

Back 34

cone effect
channel
"real life"
constructed mediated reality
perceived mediated reality

Front 35

All cultural texts generate messages and meanings of four different types
1. ___ meanings are about particular times, places, and groups, can be about human experience, and can have aesthetic meaning

2. __ ___ meanings are about a particular time, place, or group that involved the dominant culture, sometimes only a particular group or subculture

3. ___ ___ meaning are outside of a particular time, place, or group, and are considered to be generally universal

4. ___ meanings are connected to ideas about beauty and form

Back 35

pragmatic
pop culture
elite culture
aesthetic

Front 36

the ____ is the means of communicating, ie, print, film, or video

Back 36

channel

Front 37

Degrees of mediation

1. __ to ___ live, sounds and light
2. ___ ___ PA, video screens, instruments, etc
3. ___ ___ no face to face, technology, telephones, email, etc
4. ___ ___ capable of reaching many people and uses technology

Back 37

face to face
partial mediation
total mediation
mass medium

Front 38

Two functions of cultural artifacts is that they are _____; serve either directly or indirectly to make money, and they are ____; they generate meanings.

Back 38

commodities

texts

Front 39

____ connects ideas about power and ideas about the social construction of reality

Back 39

ideology

Front 40

____ is the process by which the dominant culture reproduces or reinforces itself

Back 40

hegemony

Front 41

___ ____ is the opposed process to hegemony, and allows people in marginalized groups to make meanings opposed to those of dominant society

Back 41

cultural resistance

Front 42

____ ____ proposes that over time, heavy viewers develop views of the world that are similar to what they see on tv.

Back 42

cultivation hypothesis