Comm41 Midterm Review

Front 1

active perception

Back 1

perception that occurs because you seek out specific information through intentional observation and questioning

Front 2

impression

Back 2

a collection of perceptions about others that you maintain and use to interpret their behaviors

Front 3

impression formation theory

Back 3

theory that explains how you develop perceptions about people and how you maintain and use those perceptions to intpret their behaviors

Front 4

primacy effect

Back 4

placing heavy emphasis on the first pieces of information that you observe about another, to form an impression

Front 5

recency effect

Back 5

placing heavy emphasis on the most recent information that you observe about another, to form or modify an impression

Front 6

implict personality theory

Back 6

your unique set of beliefs and hypotheses about what people are like

Front 7

halo effect

Back 7

attributing a variety of positive qualities to those you dislike

Front 8

horn effect

Back 8

attributing a variety of negative qualities to those you dislike

Front 9

construct

Back 9

a biopolar quality that you associate with people as you conceptualize them

Front 10

causal attribution theory

Back 10

theory of attribution that is based on determining whether a person's actions are caused by circumstance, a stimulus, or the person

Front 11

standpoint theory

Back 11

the theory that a person's social position, power, or cultural background, influences how the person perceives the behavior of others; where you sand makes a difference in what you see

Front 12

sterotype

Back 12

to attribute a set of qualities to a person because of the person's membership in some category

Front 13

fundamental attribution error

Back 13

attributing another person's behavior to internal, controllable causes rather than to external, uncontrollable causes

Front 14

self-serving bias

Back 14

the tendency to perceive our own behavior as more positive than others' behavior

Front 15

indirect perception checking

Back 15

seeking additional information to confirm or refute interpretations you are making through passive perception such as observing and listening

Front 16

direct perception checking

Back 16

asking for confirmation from the observed person of an interpretation or a perception about him or her

Front 17

culture

Back 17

learned system of knowledge, behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values, and norms that is shared by a group of people

Front 18

co-culture

Back 18

a microculture: a distinct cultural group that exists (gay)

Front 19

cultural element

Back 19

category of things and ideas that identify the most profound aspects of cultural influence (schools, music, government)

Front 20

enculturaltion

Back 20

process of communication a group's culture from generation to generation

Front 21

acculturation

Back 21

process through which an individual acquires new approaches, beliefs, and values by coming into contact with other cultures

Front 22

cultural values

Back 22

what a given group of people values or appreciates

Front 23

masculine culture

Back 23

culture that emphasizes achievement, assertiveness, heroism, and material wealth

Front 24

feminine culture

Back 24

culture that emphasizes relationships, caring for the less fortunate, and overall quality of life

Front 25

cultural context

Back 25

information not explicity communicated through landguage but through envrionmental or nonverbal cues

Front 26

high-context culture

Back 26

culture that derives much information from nonverbal and envrionmental cues

Front 27

low-context culture

Back 27

culture that derives much more information from the words of a message and less information from nonverbal and envrionmental cues

Front 28

intercultural communication

Back 28

communication between or among people who have different cultural traditions

Front 29

culture shock

Back 29

feeling of stress and anxiety a person experiences when encountering a culture different from his or her own

Front 30

ethnocentrism

Back 30

belief that your cultrual traditions and assumptions are superior to those of others

Front 31

prejudice

Back 31

a judgement or opinion of someone formed before you know all of the facts or the background of that person

Front 32

knowledge

Back 32

information that enhances understanding of others; one of the elements necessary to becoming a competent communicator

Front 33

motivation

Back 33

internal state of readiness to respond to something; an element of interpersonal competence

Front 34

skill

Back 34

behavior that improves the effectiveness or quality of communication with others

Front 35

world view

Back 35

perception shared by a culture of group of people about key beliefs and issues, such as death, God, and the meaning of life, which influences interactions with others

Front 36

third culture

Back 36

common ground established when people from seperate cultures create a third, 'new', more comprehensive and inclusive culture

Front 37

mindful

Back 37

aware of cultural differences and the connection between thoughts and deeds in one's interactions with someone from a background different from one's own

Front 38

social decentering

Back 38

cognitive process in which we take into account another person's thoughts, feelings, values, background, and perspectives

Front 39

empathy

Back 39

feeling what another is feeling

Front 40

sympathy

Back 40

compassion towards someone

Front 41

adapt

Back 41

to adjust one's behavior in accord with what someone else does

Front 42

communcation accomindation theory

Back 42

theory that all people adapt their behavior to others to some extent

Front 43

adapt predictively

Back 43

to modify or change behavior in anticipation of an event

Front 44

adapt reactively

Back 44

to modify or change behavior after an event

Front 45

listening

Back 45

selecting, attending to, creating meaning from, remembering, and respondind to verbal and nonverbal messages

Front 46

hearing

Back 46

psysiological process of decoding sounds

Front 47

selecting

Back 47

sorting through various sounds competing for your attention

Front 48

attending

Back 48

focusing on a particular sound or message

Front 49

understanding

Back 49

assigning meaning to sounds

Front 50

responding

Back 50

confirming your understanding of a message

Front 51

people-oriented listener

Back 51

listener who is comfortable with and skilled at listening to people's feelings and emotions

Front 52

action-oriented listener

Back 52

listener who prefers information that is well-organized, brief, and error-free

Front 53

second-guessing

Back 53

questioning the ideas and assumptions underlying a message; assessing whether a message is true or false

Front 54

content-oriented listener

Back 54

listener who is more comfortable listening to complex, detailed information than are those with other listening styles

Front 55

time-orientated listener

Back 55

listener who likes messages delievered succinctly

Front 56

coversational narcissism

Back 56

focusing on personal agendas and being self-absorbed rather than focusing on the needs and ideas of others

Front 57

emotional noise

Back 57

form of communication interference caused by emotional arousal

Front 58

paraphrase

Back 58

a verbal summary of the key ideas of your partner's message that helps you check the accuracy of your understanding

Front 59

empathy

Back 59

feeling what others are feeling, rather than just acknowledging that they are feeling a certain way

Front 60

confirming response

Back 60

statement that causes another person to value him or herself more

Front 61

disconfirming response

Back 61

statement that causes another person to value himself or herself les

Front 62

critical listening

Back 62

listening to evaluate and assess the quality, appropriateness, value, or importance of information

Front 63

information triage

Back 63

process of evaluating info to sort good info from less useful or valid info

Front 64

fact

Back 64

something that has been directly observed to be true and thus has been prove to be true

Front 65

inference

Back 65

conclusion based on speculation