Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's (1961) five value orientations
|
-What is human nature
-Relationship between humans and nature -Relationships between humans -Preferred forms of activity -Orientation to TIme |
|
|
The nature of human nature
|
-Human nature is: basically good/ mixture of good and evil
|
|
|
Relationship between humans and nature
|
-Domination: need to control or master nature
-Subjugation: to submit to nature -Harmony: to work together with nature to maintain harmony and balance |
|
|
Relationship between humans
|
-Individualism: all about the "I" and the self
-Collectivism: all about the "we" and the group |
|
|
Preferred forms of activity
|
-Doing: stress on action, emphasizes productivity
-Growing(being-in-becoming) : emphasizes spiritual aspects of life -Being: self-actualization in which the individual is fused with the experience |
|
|
Orientation to time
|
-Past
-Present -Future |
|
|
5 major World Views
|
-Naturalistic, tribal, monotheistic, monistic and Chinese
|
|
|
The Naturalistic world view
|
-includes most of the modern societies; there's no culture that is purely naturalistic, atheists
-Views of Supernatural: Rejects supernatural and believe that only material objects exist -Views of truth: Focus on what can be observed and measured, science and empiricsm -Human-nature orientation: There is no good or evil-human nature just is the way it is. -Person-nature orientation: Humans are a part of a natural evolution, evolving out of nature -Human activity orientation: nature can be controlled or manipulated(build roads, bridges, air conditioning) -Time orientation: Both beginning and end of the world are obscure, emphasize present -Relational orientation (relationship between humans) : no particular presumptions |
|
|
The Tribal World View
|
-does not correspond with a major world religion, 40% of the worlds population
-Views of Supernatural: supernature, nature and human worlds are intertwined; supernature includes spirit beings of all kind (animism; polytheistic); far away "high god" and close gods in daily existence -Views of Truth: have strong belief in the existence of a spiritual world and its influence; rites and rituals; intuitive and holistic -HUman-nature orientation: Basically good; minor evils can be attributed to mischievous spirits -Person-nature orientation: Humans are in (super) nature and not above or apart from it; harmony and balance emphasized -Human activity orientation: Humans participate in maintaining a unitary system of man-in-nature -Time Orientation: Cyclical (growth and decay; seedtime and harvest), ancestors, past-oriented -Relational Orientation: the universe is morally significant and therefore all social relationships are moral |
|
|
The Monotheistic World View
|
-Christianity, Islam, Judaism, big picture that includes many differences in beliefs,
-Views of Supernatural: there is one God -Views of Truth: Knowing who the creator truly is and what he intends for you, acting according to that is wisdom -Human-Nature: humans are basically evil, or capable of choosing between good and evil -Person-nature orientation: nature created by God for human use; humans are above nature -Human-activity orientation: God has designed the universe in a meaningful, purposeful way, humans should follow Gods will -Time-orientation: the world began when God created it, and will end at his will. Humans need redemption, Linear view of time -Relational Orientation: no uniform patterns among monotheists more important is the individual's relationship to the creator |
|
|
The Monistic World View
|
-Views of Supernatural: Brahman(the absolute and ultimate reality; Everything comes from and returns to Brahman; sexless, formless, infinite and etermal)
-Views of truth: truth comes from Brahman; humans and nature are illusory -Human-nature orientation: HUmans are no good or evil, but make good and bad choices in action, which is reciprocated in the Brahman -Person-nature orientation: no distinction between supernatural, nature and humans; they are settings for enlightenment -Human activity: Karma (action which binds humans to the illusory universe, literally means action or doing. Any kind of intentional action whether mental, verbal or physical.) -Time-orientation: Clyclical view of time: made of aeons of years; each soul goes through cycles of rebirthds until enlightenment (nirvana) is reached and the sould returns to Brahman Relational Orientation: Humans do not have individual existence. The soul is the expression of Brahman in people. The body has little significance; it houses the soul, everyone is connected because everyone is par of Brahman |
|
|
The Chinese World View
|
"Buddhism for your heart, Daoism for your body; Confucianism for the society"
-Confucianism: not a religion; set of ethical and moral teachings regarding humans, the society and human relationships with the society -Ethics: self-cultivism,emulation of moral exemplars, filial piety, propriety, reciprocity etc. -Politics: influenced by his ethical thought; ruling by virtue, morality and propriety, hierarchy and structure -Human-nature orientation: humans are basically good, but can turn bad/evil, emphasis on rehabilitation, rather than tortures and punishments -Relational-orientation: self is connected to a larger social network; role obligations, accept power distance as appropriate and beneficial -Views of Supernatural: Polytheistic; high gods are far removed. Buddhism( introduced to china around first century, monistic world view), Daoism( a natural religion, tribal world view, everything has some supernatural aspect; humans part of the super nature, Polytheistic( multiple high gods far removed, pray and talk to gods when they need help) Views of Truth: comes from practice and experience, human body is holistic (accupuncture), keep balance in body Person-nature: Daoism, concept of yin-yang balance between forces ( humans are par of nature, how polar opposites are interconnected, world consists of opposing forces that compete with each other but cannot exist without each other) -Human activity orientation: non-action( Daoism) Karma(Buddhism) -Time Orientation: past is relevant to present, golden times sentiments, proud achievements in history |
|
|
Which world populations does each world view tend to prevail?
|
Naturalistic: most of modern society
Tribal: 40% of the world (sub-saharan africa, pacific islands, siberia) Monotheistic: USA, UK, India Monistic: Southern Asia CHinese: Eastern Asia |
