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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mass Communication |
3 Characteristics - aimed at large audiences - includes books, films, tv, radio, etc. - does not include personal or mediated interactions |
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McLuan, "Oracle of the Electronic Age" |
a. Canadian scholar that became a popular culture guru b. Technological determinism: technology, especially media, decisively shapes how individuals think, feel, and act and how societies organize themselves and operate |
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Four Epochs |
1. The Tribal Epoch 2. The Literate Epoch 3. The Print Epoch 4. The Electronic Epoch |
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The Tribal Epoch |
- Oral Tradition
- Communication was face-to-face |
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The Literate Epoch |
- Phonetic aphabet - Communication by written symbols - Requires less memory and oral communication - Sight is the dominant sense Result: written communication cultivated linear thinking (mathematics) |
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The Print Epoch |
Contradictory results: - Homogeneity due to same message - Isolation between people due to not having to share information between one another. |
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The Electronic Epoch |
- Invention of the telegraph - Made long-distance communication instant - McLuhan argued that it increased community - Distance means nothing to communication Result: Electronics create a "global village" |
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"Medium is the Message" (3 meanings) |
- The medium or channel of communication determines the substance of the communication - By changing one letter, the phrase is transformed into "the medium is the massage" |
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Hot and Cool Media |
Hot: High sensory data, low involvement
Cool: Low sensory data, higher involvement |
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Cultivation Theory (definition) |
“the cumulative process by which television fosters beliefs about social reality.” |
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Cultivation Theory (key claim) |
" tv cultivates a view of social reality that inaccurate but views nonetheless assume that it reflects real life.” |
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Father of Cultivation Theory? |
George Gerbner |
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TV and Cultivation Theory |
People now watch TV as they would attend church |
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TV & Violence |
57% of all TV is violent 28% of all children's TV is violent |
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6 y/o old TV hours? |
5000 hours |
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18 y/o TV hours? |
19,000 hours |
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Average American spends _____ 24 hour days watching TV |
68 |
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Light TV viewer |
2 hours a day 4 hours a day |
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Synthetic Reality |
"an artificial view of how the world works; appears real but doesn’t reflect the way things actually are.” |
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Three Key Assumptions about TV |
1. Pervasive 2. No Particular Skill Required 3. Uniquely Accessible to everyone |
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Mean World Syndrome |
The belief that the world is a dangerous place full of untrustworthy people who are out to harm you. |
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Critical Theories (definition and 3 main types) |
“theories that critique prevailing social practices that create or uphold disadvantage, inequity, or oppression.”
- feminist - muted group - cultural studies |
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Feminist Theory |
Goal - diminish gender inequities in cultural life. Key Concepts: - Gender - Patriarchy |
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Gender (definition and 3 characteristics) |
“a socially created system of values, identities, and activities that are prescribed for women and men.” - Socially constructed - Variable over time - Variable across societies |
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Patriarchy |
"Rule of the fathers" |
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Muted Group Theory |
-interested in how a dominant discourse silences, or mutes, groups that are not in society’s mainstream. - wants to question who gets to define normality - Male bias: preferring masculine bias of Western Society has silenced and marginalized women - Dale Spender (power to name things) - Laadan captures women's experiences linguistically |
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Cultural Studies (two meanings) |
- the goal is not to simply understand culture but to intervene actively to make, remake, and unmake culture. - “a code of meanings that shapes how a group of people sees and acts in the world.” |
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Five Pillars of Islam |
Testimony Prayer Almsgiving Fasting Pilgrimage |
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Pillar 1: Testimony |
“There is no god but Allah. Muhammed is the messenger of Allah.”
This gives a foundation in understanding theological principles such as: resurrections, judgments, ect. |
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Pillar 2: Prayer |
most basic tenet of Islam acts as lifeline of muslim connects the concept of worship |
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Pillar 3: Almsgiving |
Ultimately cleanses the Muslim of unholiness 2.5% Earns salvation Alleviates emotional distress |
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Pillar 4: Fasting |
Annual lifelong commitment during Ramadan (not only food!!)
muslims abstain from sexual intercourse, eating, drinking, and smoking. exceptions include: pregnant women, elderly who cannot hold fast, for health reasons, prepubescent youth, sick |
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Pillar 5: Pilgrimage |
- millions of believers globally come together to celebrate oneness of Allah
- Ka’aba (an ancient stone) placed over the worship site, built around the origin of Abraham - then, travel 13 miles to plain of Arafat, where Muhammad preached last sermon - then, to Mina, the site of Ishmael (the firstborn of Abraham) was born |
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Koran differences to Bible's Jesus |
1. Not the son of God 2. Not crucified 3. Not atone for humanity's sins |
