Comm Test Four

Front 1

inhalation to exhalation ratio for passive breathing

Back 1

1:1

Front 2

inhalation to exhalation ratio for speech breathing

Back 2

1:6

Front 3

motor planning

Back 3

defining and sequencing articulatory goals: cortex

Front 4

motor programming

Back 4

preparing flow of motor info across muscles: cortex

Front 5

motor execution

Back 5

activating relevant muscles during speech: outside CNS

Front 6

apraxia

Back 6

disorder of speech that is not due to weakness or paralysis of speech muscles

person knows what they want to say but can't say it correctly

Front 7

what type of motor error is apraxia associated with?

Back 7

motor planning and programming

Front 8

dysarthria

Back 8

disorder of speech due to paralysis, weakness, or inability to coordinate the muscles needed for speech production

Front 9

what type of motor error is associated with dysarthria

Back 9

motor execution

Front 10

salient features of apraxia

Back 10

inconsistent errors
articulatory groping
intelligible speech
voluntary speech most affected
errors of complication
sound substitutions/ distortions

Front 11

salient features of dysarthria

Back 11

errors consistent
sounds slurred, slowed, harsh, quiet or uneven
unintelligible speech
errors of simplification

Front 12

dysphagia definition

Back 12

disorder of swallowing
classified by phase affected
can have breakdown in any or all phases
symptom not a disease

Front 13

four stages of swallowing

Back 13

oral prep
oral
pharyngeal
esophageal

Front 14

oral prepatory phase

Back 14

-starts when food/liquid enters mouth
-lip seal maintained
-mastication if solid food
-form bolus

Front 15

oral phase

Back 15

-starts as tongue propels bolus back
-sides and tip of tongue hold bolus
lasts 1 to 1.5 seconds

Front 16

pharyngeal phase

Back 16

-begins at back of mouth when swallow reflex is triggered
-bolus moves through pharynx
-epiglottis deflects
-vocal fold adduct

Front 17

esophageal phase

Back 17

-starts when bolus passes cricopharyngeal junction
-bolus moves through esophagus into stomach via peristalsis (wave movement)

Front 18

breathing in oral prep stage

Back 18

through nose

Front 19

breathing in oral stage

Back 19

through nose

Front 20

breathing in pharyngeal stage

Back 20

not breathing

Front 21

breathing in esophageal phase

Back 21

breathe normally
through nose

Front 22

penetration

Back 22

food enters larynx but not the trachea

Front 23

aspiration

Back 23

food enters larynx and trachea
more dangerous than penetration

Front 24

most dangerous part of swallow?

Back 24

pharyngeal phase
food can enter the airway

Front 25

results of aspiration

Back 25

can lead to food blocking airway (choking)
can lead to food entering lungs (aspiration pneumonia)
(common cause of death for degenerative diseases)

Front 26

two diseases that always result in dysphagia

Back 26

Alzheimers
ALS

Front 27

FEES

Back 27

fiber-optic endoscopic examination of swallowing
scope up nose and through back of throat
video of swallowing

Front 28

MBS

Back 28

modified barium swallow study
x-ray of head and neck

Front 29

dominant language hemisphere

Back 29

left for majority of population

Front 30

Broca's area location and function

Back 30

-frontal lobe
-fine coordination of speech output
-processing and understanding syntax

Front 31

Wenicke's area location and functions

Back 31

-temporal lobe
-warehouse of meaning
-critical for language comprehension

Front 32

aphasia

Back 32

language disorder that occurs AFTER language has been lerned
-results from neurological injury
-affects all language modalities

Front 33

language modalities

Back 33

reading comprehension
auditory comprehension
written expression
verbal expression

Front 34

two types of strokes

Back 34

blockage
bleeding

Front 35

wernicke's aphasia type and lesion site

Back 35

-fluent
-temporal lobe

Front 36

wernicke's aphasia verbal expression

Back 36

-word retrieval problems
-jargon (empty speech)
-neologisms (use fake words)
-unaware of errors
-no unilateral paralysis
-paraphasias (substitute wrong words)

Front 37

wernicke's aphasia auditory comprehension

Back 37

mild to severely impaired

Front 38

wernicke's area reading comprehension

Back 38

mild to severe

Front 39

wernicke's area written expression

Back 39

parallels verbal expression

Front 40

Broca's area type and lesion site

Back 40

-non fluent
-frontal lobe

Front 41

Broca's aphasia auditory comprehension

Back 41

-reduced for complex info

Front 42

Broca's aphasia reading comprehension

Back 42

parallels auditory comprehension

Front 43

Broca's aphasia written expression

Back 43

parallels verbal expression

Front 44

Broca's aphasia verbal expression

Back 44

-telegraphic speech (content words only)
-slow, effortful articulation
-reduced phrase length
-word retrieval problems
-aware of errors
-unilateral paralysis

Front 45

Broca's aphasia auditory comprehension

Back 45

-reduced for complex info

Front 46

Broca's aphasia reading comprehension

Back 46

parallels auditory comprehension

Front 47

Broca's aphasia written expression

Back 47

parallels verbal expression

Front 48

global aphasia location

Back 48

multiple lobes in left hemisphere
-prognosis poor

Front 49

global aphasia verbal expression

Back 49

-stereotypic speech output
-very little functional output
-may or may not occur with dysarthria or unilateral paralysis

Front 50

global aphasia auditory comprehension

Back 50

severely to profoundly impaired

Front 51

global aphasia reading comprehension

Back 51

severely to profoundly impaired

Front 52

global aphasia written expression

Back 52

severely to profoundly impaired

Front 53

Traumatic Brain injury

Back 53

neurological damage to the brain due to impact of external forces

Front 54

head injury

Back 54

trauma that leads to injury of scalp, skull, and/or brain

Front 55

open-head injury

Back 55

skull and meninges penetrated
-gun shot wound

Front 56

closed head injury

Back 56

skull and meninges intact but brain is jostled
-MVAs, falls, abuse, assault
more common

Front 57

diffuse injury

Back 57

-several areas involved
-MVAs, falls, severe assaults, sport injuries

Front 58

focal damage

Back 58

confined to small area at site of impact
-gunshot wound, hits to skull

Front 59

coup

Back 59

primary impact, first place brain hits

Front 60

contrecoup

Back 60

secondary impact
second place brain hits from bouncing back
-more damage to this area

Front 61

three groups with highest prevalence of TBIs

Back 61

toddlers: falling and child abuse
teens: MVAs and assault
elderly: falls

Front 62

gender with highest prevalence of TBI

Back 62

male

Front 63

list cognitive deficits with TBI

Back 63

-orientation
-attention
-memory
-reasoning and problem solving

Front 64

list communication/language deficits of TBI

Back 64

aphasia
apraxia and/or dysarthria
dysphagia
pragmatic issues