Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is occupation |
A job or profession - A person's usual or principal work or business, especially as a means of earning a living |
|
|
What is occupational Health |
Refers to the identification and control of the risks arising from workplace hazards in order to establish and maintain a safe and healthy working environment |
|
|
Who is the father of occupational medicine |
Bernardino Ramazzini (1633-1714) |
|
|
Who is the father of scientific medicine |
Hippocrates. His most well known work is the collection titled "Airs, Waters and Places" |
|
|
Who recognized the danger of acid mists in copper mines |
Galen |
|
|
Who established the link between Chimney sweeping and cancer of the scrotum |
Percival Pott |
|
|
Who was the first female professor of Occupational Medicine at the Harvard University medical school |
Alice Hamilton |
|
|
When was Factory Act established in Nigeria |
1955, 1958 |
|
|
The first chief inspector of Factories in Nigeria |
Mr Britnell |
|
|
Joint WHO/ILO definition of Occupational Health |
The sum total of all activities and programs that are engaged upon aiming to attain and maintain the highest level of health and safety for all people who are engaged in any type of work whatever |
|
|
When was the first joint WHO/ILO joint committee meeting on Occupational Health held |
1950 |
|
|
What are the aims of Occupational Health |
1. The promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social wellbeing of workers in all occupations. 2. The prevention among workers of departures from health caused by their working conditions 3. The protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health 4. The planning and maintenance of workers in an occupational environment adapted to his physiological equipment; and to summarize 5. The adaptation of work to man each man to his job |
|
|
Positive effects of work on health |
•relief of boredom •provision of an avenue for creativity •source of income and means of livelihood |
|
|
Positive effects of health on work |
•disposition and capacity to work •capacity to be creative, to enjoy and derive satisfaction from work •good health promotes high productivity and economic gain |
|
|
Negative effects of poor health on work |
•poor disposition, poor capacity or potential for work •poor productivity at work •if sick and work, the sickness is likely to worsen and may lead to death soon •if sick, may constitute a danger to other workers and customers |
|
|
Negative effects of work on health |
Can be from •overwork •underemployment •hazards in the work environment |
|
|
What are the components of the work environment |
They are those factors of the work place from which may arise the hazards of work to health •physical •chemical •biological •mechanical •social environment |
|
|
What is a hazard |
It is a material substance or circumstance which poses a danger to human health and wellbeing |
|
|
The physical component of the work environment |
Light, temperature, noise, vibration, humidity, radiation, pressure |
|
|
The chemical component of the work environment |
All chemicals, solutions, solvents, compounds. They can include: lead, mercury, nickel, asbestos, benzene |
|
|
The biological component of the work environment |
All living things (plants and animals) Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, plants. E.g hookworm, rabies, bovine tb, anthrax |
|
|
Mechanical component of the work environment |
Machines with pointed or sharp edges, heavy duty machines |
|
|
The social component of the work environment |
Man-man relationship. Worker to worker relationship. Boss-subordinate relationship. Worker-management relationship |
|
|
What is ergonomics |
It is the science of matching the job to the worker and the product to the user. Also called human engineering |
|
|
What are the professional groups in occupational health |
1. Occupational physicians 2. Occupational nurses 3. Occupational hygienists 4. Ergonomics/safety engineers 5. Occupational psychologists |
|
|
What are the functions of an occupational health service |
1. Preemployment medical examination 2. Periodic (follow-up) medical examination 3. Provision of primary medical care and first aid 4. Environmental monitoring and modification 5. Monitoring and management of workplace effluents 6. Maintenance of accurate health care records and their periodic evaluation and review (health services research) 7. Health education 8. Maintenance and provision of essential social services 9. Planning of factory expansion or extension 10. Rehabilitation |
|
|
What is preemployment examination |
This is an assessment performed to ensure that a prospective employee can perform his/her job safely without putting him/herself or coworkers at risk. It includes •General fitness medical examination
•pre-placement medical examination for -specific jobs with well known hazards to avoid disease worsened by that job and establish baseline function of organs that may be affected by it. E.g audiometry for noisy jobs, lung radiograph & function test for miners, visual acuity for drivers -to prevent the worker from being a threat to the health of others. E.g Typhoid mary -for workers returning to work after serious illness of injury resulting in absence from work
|
|
|
Why should periodic medical examination be done for workers |
For early (subclinical) detection of disorders at a time that they are reversible and further damages can be prevented |
|
|
Hierarchy of control of occupational health problems |
1. Complete elimination 2. Containment 3. Adjunct measures |
|
|
How do you completely eliminate occupational health problems |
a. Using no hazardous chemicals at all and removing dangerous machines from the workplace if possible b. Substitution: replacing hazardous chemicals with less hazardous ones c. Change of process e.g automation for previously manually operated processes, using ultrasound or MRI instead of x-ray |
|
|
How do you contain occupational health problems |
a. Containment at source e.g wet drilling at mines, sound muffling in machines b. Total enclosure e.g transformer stations c. Partial enclosure (segregation) e.g enclosure of dangerous machine parts or processes d. Time limited/regulated/monitored exposure e.g in x-ray departments and using a work-rest schedule e. Personal protection with protective equipments e.g face masks, ear plugs with muffs, hand gloves, boots, overalls, goggles, helmets, etc |
|
|
What adjunct measures can be applied to control occupational health problems |
a. General cleanliness or housekeeping: non-wet floor, adequate light, use of appropriate tools b. Safety monitoring e.g noise level, dust level, monitoring with blood tests and x-rays c. Health education to raise awareness on safety issues - seminars, posters, health and safety committees, incentive programmes |
|
|
What is personal protective equipment |
Equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards that cause serious workplace injuries and illnesses that may result from contact with chemical, physical, biological, mechanical and other workplace hazards |
|
|
Mention PPEs you know |
•hard helmets/hats •safety googles/glasses •face masks •earplugs •ear muffs •respirators •gloves •vests and full body suits •safety harnesses •high visibility clothings •coveralls/overalls |
|
|
How do you ensure proper use of PPE |
1. They should fit comfortably, ensuring worker use 2. Supervisor should monitor use of PPE 3. Employers should train each worker who is required to use PPE on -when it is necessary -what kind is necessary -how to properly put it on, adjust, wear and take it off -the limitations of the equipment -proper care, maintenance, useful life, and disposal of the equipment |
|
|
Difference between ear muffs and ear plugs |
•Earmuffs are soft ear cushions, which are made using a material that attenuates sound. This form of ear protection fits perfectly around the ear. They provide a lower level of noise protection when compared to ear plugs •Earplugs will be inserted inside the ear, with the purpose of blocking the ear canal. Because they fit directly into the ear canal, ear plugs offer greater protection than ear muffs |
|
|
What is the safe noise threshold |
85 decibels (dB) |
|
|
What is the generally accepted standard to minimize hearing loss risk |
Exposure to 85dB for a maximum limit of 8 hours per day followed by at least 10 hours of recovery time at 70dB or lower |
|
|
Immediate nerve damage can occur at what level of noise |
140 decibels |
|
|
What level of noise is enough to burst the eardrums |
150 decibels |
|
|
Types of workplace safety signs |
•prohibition and instruction signs •mandatory actions signs •warning signs •positive action sign |
|
|
What are the categories of workplace diseases |
1. Occupational diseases 2. Occupationally-related diseases 3. Non-occupationally related diseases |
|
|
What are occupational diseases |
Diseases directly caused by hazards in the work environment and almost never would occur in the absence of work place exposure e.g coal workers pneumoconiosis, silicosis. They include •occupational lung diseases •occupational skin diseases •occupational poisons |
|
|
What are occupationally-related diseases |
These are diseases not necessarily caused by a specific work place exposure but may be exaggerated or augmented by it e.g hypertension in sedentary workers, emphysema in miners, etc |
|
|
What are non-occupationally related diseases |
Diseases that occur to the same extent in workers as they occur in similar people in the society e.g malaria |
|
|
What is another name for pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis |
Silicosis |
|
|
What causes Bagassosis |
Exposure to moldy bagasse (pulpy fibrous residue that remains after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract their juice) leading to a hypersensitivity pneumonitis |
|
|
What causes Byssinosis |
Exposure to cotton dust in inadequately ventilated textile factory. Aka brown lung disease or Monday fever |
|
|
What 3 groups of laws are recognised in occupational health |
1. Labour Act, 1990 2. Factory Act, 1990 3. Employees' Compensation Act, 2010 (previously called Workmen's Compensation Act) |
|
|
Enforcement of the Legislation of the Factory Act, 1990 is by |
The Factory Inspectorate of the Ministry of Labour |
|
|
What is a factory |
It is the premises with defined boundaries, where one or more workers are engaged in manual processes involved in the making, altering, repairing, ornamenting, finishing, cleaning, washing, breaking up/demolition or adapting for sale any article |
|
|
At the international level, the bulk of occupational health work/administration lies with the |
International Labour Organisation (ILO) |
|
|
What are notifiable occupational diseases |
They are diseases which must be notified to the relevant authority (Ministry of Labour) |
|
|
What are notifiable accidents |
These are those that result in loss of working capacity of at least one worker for 3 days or more |
|
|
What are prescribed diseases |
These are those for which the worker must be compensated for disabilities which they develop for suffering such diseases |
