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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Guidelines for creating a preparation outline |
-state the specific purpose of speech -identify the central idea -label the intro, body and conclusion -use consistent pattern of symbolization and indrntation |
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How to correctly word a main point |
Identified by Roman numerals and are a dented equally so as to be a line down the page |
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Guidelines for creating a speaking outline |
- follow the visual framework used in the preparation outline - make sure outline is legible - keep the outline as brief as possible -give yourself cues for delivering speech |
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Denotative vs connotative |
Denotative the literally or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase Connotative meaning suggested by the associations or emotions triggered by word or phrase |
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Pointers on how to use words clearly |
-use familiar words -choose concrete words -eliminate clutter |
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Concrete words vs specific language |
A way to enhance effective imagery |
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What should you employ to use language vividly |
Imagery & rythm |
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Cliché |
Overused expression |
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Alliteration |
Adjoining words |
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Antithesis |
Contrasting ideas, usually parallel structure |
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Tips using language appropriately |
Appropriateness to -occasion -audience -topic -speaker |
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Tips on inclusive language |
-avoid generic "he" -avoid "man" referring to men and women -avoid stereotyping jobs and social roles -use names to identify |
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Pros & con's reading from a manuscript |
-must read word for word -come across boring |
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Pros and con's reciting from memory |
-be able to concentrate on delivering not trying to remember words |
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Pros con's impromptu speech |
Speech delivered with little or no preparation |
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Pros con's speaking extemporaneous |
Carefully prepared speech and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes |
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Relationship with eye contact and credibility |
Lack if eye contact can be seen as dishonest and builds a communicative bond |
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What should be your first step when practicing your speech delivery |
Go through your preparation outline aloud to check how what you have written translates into spoken discourse |
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Tips for preparing question and answer sessions |
Formulate answers to possible questions and practice the delivery of your answers |
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Tips for managing question and answer sessions |
- approach questions with a positive attitude - listen carefully - direct answers to the entire audience - be honest and straightforward - stay on track |
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Guidelines for presenting visual aids |
- prepare visual aids well in advance - keep visual aids simple - make sure visual aids are large enough - using limited amount of text |
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Tips on using fonts in visual aids |
- choose fonts that are clear and easy to read - avoid using all caps because they are difficult to read - don't use more than two fonts on a single slide - use the same font on each slide |
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When should visual aids be displayed |
Only while discussing them |
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Guidelines for informative speaking |
-Don't overestimate what the audience knows -relate the subject directly to the audience - don't be too technical - avoid abstractions - personalize your ideas |
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The four types of informative speeches be able to identify each type |
- objects - process - events - Concepts |
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How to avoid abstraction |
Through description |
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How listeners process a persuasive message |
They engage in a mental give-and-take with the speaker while they listen they assess the speaker's credibility delivery supporting materials language reasoning and emotional Appeals |
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Difference between fact value and policy |
-A question about the truth or falsity of an assertion - a question about the worth rightness morality and so forth of an idea or action - a question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken |
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Steps and sub points in Monroe's motivated sequence |
- attention - need you make the audience feel a need for change - satisfaction - visualization - action |
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Know factors of credibility |
- competence how an audience regards a speaker's intelligence expertise and knowledge of the subject - character how an audience regards a speaker's sincerity just trustworthiness and concern for the well-being of the audience |
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Types of credibility |
- initial credibility The credibility of the speaker before she or he starts to speak - derived credibility The credibility of the speaker produced by everything she or he says and does during the speech itself - terminal credibility The credibility of the speaker at the end of the speech |
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Tips for enhancing credibility |
- explain your competence - establish common ground with your audience - deliver your speeches fluently expressively and with conviction |
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What is reasoning from specific instance be able also to recognize an example |
Reasoning that moves from particular facts to a general conclusion - my physical education course last term was easy my roommates physical education courses easy my brother's physical education courses easy physical education courses are easy |
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What is reasoning from principle give an example |
Reasoning that moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion - all people are mortal Socrates is a person therefore Socrates is mortal |
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What is casual reasoning give an example |
Reasoning that seeks to establish the relationship between causes and effects |
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Know all fallacies and be able to recognize an example of each |
- Hasty generalization - false cause - invalid analogy Bandwagon - red herring Ad hominem - either or - slippery slope - appeal to tradition - appeal to novelty |
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Know the purpose or objective for each of the five special occasion speeches |
-Speech of introduction a speech that introduces the main speaker to the audience - speech of presentation speech represent someone a gift an award or some other form of public recognization - acceptance speech a speech that gives thanks for a gift and award or some other form of public recognition - commemorative speech a speech that pays tribute to a person a group of people and institution or idea |
