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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Deduction
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Moves from general to the specific
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Syllogism
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Major premise followed by a minor premise. aka, "this" therefore "that"
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Induction
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Moves from specific to general
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Slothful Induction
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Overwhelming evidence still doesn't lead to a logical conclusion
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Hasty Generalization
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conclude on the basis of too small a case size that an inductive claim is robust
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Argument
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When a claim is not backed by support of some kind. Otherwise, it's just a heated exchange.
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"Ad" Fallacy
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An argument that shifts the focus away from the claim to something unrelated
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Ad Hominem
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the character of the person, their capabilities, their circumstances, or who they associate with reduces their credibility
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Abusive Ad Hominem
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Intimidate or shame the speaker. Attacks their ethos
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Circumstantial Ad Hominem
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Attack the speaker for having ulterior motives or their bias
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Tu Quoque
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Attacks a hypocritical argument
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Guilt by Association
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Attacks who the person associates with
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Argumentum Ad Populum
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Something is true because it is widely believed to be true
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Argumentum Ad Consequentiam
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We should believe something because there are good consequences for it
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Argument from Authority
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Just because an authority says it, we should accept it as true
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Complex Question
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A single question that deceptively contains two distinct questions. It forces you to answer a certain way.
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False Dilemma
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Poses two alternatives as the only options for answering a question.
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Post Hoc Fallacy
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Correlation is the same as causation
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