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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Interpersonal Communication
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a process of two individuals interacting and mutually influencing each other simultaneously, usually for the purpse of managing relationships
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Interpersonal Relationships
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ongoing connections we maintain through interpersonal communication w/ important people in our lives
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Interdependence
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status that is continuously being negotiated between the two that are both affected in some way by the out come
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Relational Maintenance
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the desire to have a relationship succeed motivates us to perform regular maintenance strategies. we continue to invest effort in a friendship or romantic relationship because we want to see it last
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Principals/ Characteristics of Interpersonal Communication
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Inescapable
Irreversible Unrepeatable |
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Message Transfer Model for understanding interpersonal communication
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shows human communication as an action; linear sequence
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Message exchange model for understanding interpersonal communication
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shows human communication as an interaction
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Message creation model for understanding interpersonal communication
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shows communication as a transaction. feedback never stops, each person is both the sender and receiver at the same time
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Type of research : Content analysis
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method where researchers looks at communication to find certain patterns
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Type of research : Survey
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researcher composes questions that ask respondent to report their own behavior
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Types of research : Experiment (quantitative)
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researcher controls a situation to see how individuals react. (quantitative : uses samples of people who represent the population )
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Types of research : Experiment (qualitative)
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researcher controls a situation to see how individuals react. ( qualitative: interested in explaining the reasons behind human behavior. assumes everyone is different
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Schutz's interpersonal needs : Inclusion
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the interpersonal need to be sought out, considered, and included in social activities and the need to seek out and include others
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Shutz's interpersonal needs : Control
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the interpersonal need for some degree of dominance in our relationships, as well as the need to be controlled by others
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Shutz's interpersonal needs : Affection
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the interpersonal need to give and receive physical affection, and verbal praise and approval
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Communal biological approach
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a theoretical perspective that suggests peoples' communication behavior can be predicted based on personal traits and characteristics that result from their genetic makeup
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Social Theory
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suggests that while biology plays a large role in how we each behave, we adapt and adjust our behavior toward others based on our own personal experiences
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Communication Competence : knowledge component
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the knowledge component is the information you need to know in order to understand how you and others communicate, and what in means to communicate effectively.
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Communication Competence : Motivational component
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the desire to improve your communication. However, just because you have the desire and the knowledge, does not mean you know "how" to do it.
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4 Stages of communication competence
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Unconscious incompetence, conscious incompetence, conscious competence, unconscious competence
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Positivistic Tradition
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researchers believing in the idea that you can study communication best by discovering, verifying and observing it as an object existing independently of human volition or free wil
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Humanistic tradition
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scholars committed to the concept that human choice is the study of communication, and that we are what we are because of the choices we make, focusing on examining people's choice by interpreting the significance of expressions, accounts or stories
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Objective Stance
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the best way to understand our relationships is to study them as independent observers, using the scientific method.
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Subjective stance
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the notion that we always bring a particular viewpoint to our observations, and studying interpersonal communication requires interpretation
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Gergen's Fallacy of misplaced concreteness
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We create the illusion of a static reality or "the way things are" and forget that what seems to appear as factual or solid is simply an invention that we maintain through on-going use
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Modernism
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idea that universal truth exists
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Post-modernism
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idea in which there is no universal truth
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Bruner 3 part model
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Reality, Experience, expression
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Presence of value
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Emancipation- central value of a subjective/ critical stance is liberation
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Absence of value
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Objectivity - value in objective research is detached observation
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Triangle of meaning
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explains arbitrary nature of language, outlining the relationships between referents, thoughts, and symbols
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Jargon
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Vocabulary that is shared by members of a particular group, but that others outside the group may not understand, technical/ field specific
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Slang
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Vocabulary that is shared by members of a particular group, but that others outside that group may not understand, not technical/ field specific, based on similar interests
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Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
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words have the power to create our reality by serving as tools we use to name and label what we experience. ( experience leads to development of language which influences the perception of experience
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Linguistic relativity ( creating/ maintaining/ ending convos)
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emphasizes that our language inevitably determines our thoughts and perceptions, with each different language comes different experience.
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Principle of cooperation (4 rules of engagement / maxims)
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1. information load - providing enough information for understanding but not too much to overload
2. quality - truthful and accurate information 3. relevance - stays on topic 4. clarity - words not understood should not be used |
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Principal of turn taking
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explains that in a proper conversation each person should play both the listener and speaker roles, and spend about an equal amount of time doing each
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Dialogue
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requires involvement in the dynamic between the two people conversing, paying attention to the impact and clarity of what you are saying an hearing, and taking into account the other person's feedback
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Malapropisms
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the confusion of one word for another word that has a different meaning but sounds similar. Ex. axe instead of ask
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Euphemisims
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a term that acts as a substitute for a word that may not be socially acceptable in a given context. ex Grandpa "passed away" instead of died
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Abstract language
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we cannot experience with our senses or they lack descriptive detail
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Concrete language
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we can experience with our senses or they have descriptive meaning
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Bypassing
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occurs when the same word means something different to each person in the conversations . Ex Dinner time. 8 pm for some 7 pm for others
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High context
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Many things are implied or not spoken
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low context
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very direct with their words
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Deborah Tannin-
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Masculine and feminine speech
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Nonverbal communication
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any communicative behavior other than written or spoken language
-work with verbal to create meaning -can regulate/ manage verbal messages -can emphasize/ support verbal messages -contradict -replace verbal messages ( ex. a shrug ) |
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Characteristics of nonverbal communication
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-Considered more believable
-continuous : no start or stopping point -multi-channeled |
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Information we gather from nonverbal cues : Immediacy
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behaviors that communicate liking or feelings or pleasure
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information we gather from nonverbal cues : Arousal
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Shows feelings of interest and excitement
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Information we gather from nonverbal cues : Dominance
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behaviors that communicate status, position, importance, or control
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Kinesics
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Human movement, gestures
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Facial cues
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communication that comes from the face through over 250,000 different expressions
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Proxemics
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Personal distance
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Haptics
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Human touch
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Appearance
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how you look, both naturally and effortfully
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Artifacts
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anything additional to your body that you posses of display that communicates something about you
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Vocalics
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the tone, rate/ speed, pitch, and volume of your words and all non language that comes out of our mouth
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Difference between men and women : Proxemics
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Men give more space, women sit closer together
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Difference between men and women : Eye contact
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Women stare longer; men give a short glance
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Difference between men and women : Facial expression
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women show more expressions especially smiles; men suppress emotions usually show anger if any is shown
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Difference between men and women : Haptics
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women more touch to show support; men less touchy but usually to show power
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Difference between men and women : Vocalics
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Women have higher pitches and softer tones
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Displays rules
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the implicit rules we use to measure the appropriateness of different nonverbal behaviors
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Mediated channels of interpersonal communication
Mediated interpersonal communication |
is communication through media, anything but face to face
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Media richness
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you lose characteristics or richness of communication through mediated communication
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