Comm 105 Ch. 15-Appendix

Front 1

extemporaneous speech

Back 1

a speech that is researched, outlined, and delivered after careful rehearsal

Front 2

impromptu speech

Back 2

a speech delivered spontaneously, or on the spur of the moment

Front 3

memorized speech

Back 3

a manuscript speech committed to memory

Front 4

manuscript speech

Back 4

a speech read from a script

Front 5

public speaking anxiety

Back 5

fear of speaking to an audience

Front 6

communication apprehension

Back 6

fear of communication, no matter what the context

Front 7

information underload

Back 7

the situation that occurs when the information provided by a speech maker is already known to receivers

Front 8

information overload

Back 8

the situation that occurs when the amount of information provided by a speech maker is too great to be handled effectively by receivers

Front 9

information speech

Back 9

a speech that updates and adds to the knowledge of receivers

Front 10

initial credibility

Back 10

a measure of how an audience perceives a speaker prior to the speech-making event

Front 11

derived credibility

Back 11

a measure of a speaker’s credibility during a speech-making event

Front 12

terminal credibility

Back 12

a measure of a speaker’s credibility at the end of a speech-making event

Front 13

credibility

Back 13

the receiver’s assessment of the competence, trustworthiness, and dynamism of a speaker

Front 14

Monroe's motivated sequence

Back 14

a speech framework composed of five phases—attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action

Front 15

balance

Back 15

a state of psychological comfort in which one’s actions, feelings, and beliefs are related to each other as one would like them to be

Front 16

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Back 16

a model that depicts motivation as a pyramid with the most basic needs at the base and the most sophisticated at the apex

Front 17

false division

Back 17

the polarization of options, when, in fact, many options exist

Front 18

post hoc, ergo propter hoc

Back 18

the identification of a false cause

Front 19

argumentum ad populum

Back 19

a bandwagon appeal; an appeal to popular opinion

Front 20

argumentum ad verecudiam

Back 20

an appeal to authority

Front 21

red herring

Back 21

a distraction used to lead the receiver to focus on an irrelevant issue

Front 22

argumentum ad hominem

Back 22

the use of name-calling in an argument

Front 23

reasoning from analogy

Back 23

reasoning by comparison

Front 24

casual reasoning

Back 24

speculation about the reasons for and effects of occurrences

Front 25

induction

Back 25

reasoning that moves from specific evidence to a general conclusion

Front 26

deduction

Back 26

reasoning that moves from the general to the specific

Front 27

backing

Back 27

support that answers concerns of others

Front 28

qualifier

Back 28

indication of the strength of the connection

Front 29

rebuttal

Back 29

potential counterarguments

Front 30

warrant

Back 30

explanation of the relationship between the claim and the data

Front 31

reasons

Back 31

facts or evidence for making the claim

Front 32

claim

Back 32

debatable conclusion or assertion

Front 33

consistency

Back 33

the desire to maintain balance in our lives by behaving according to commitments already formed

Front 34

social proof

Back 34

the determination of what is right by finding out what other people think is right

Front 35

beliefs

Back 35

confidence in the truth of something

Front 36

attitudes

Back 36

predispositions to respond favorably or unfavorably toward a person or subject

Front 37

ethos

Back 37

audience’s judgment of speaker’s character or credibility

Front 38

logos

Back 38

logical proof

Front 39

pathos

Back 39

emotional proof

Front 40

proposition of fact

Back 40

a persuasive speech with the goal of settling what is or is not so

Front 41

proposition of value

Back 41

a persuasive speech that espouses the worth of an idea, a person, or an object

Front 42

proposition of policy

Back 42

a persuasive speech on what ought to be

Front 43

proposition

Back 43

a statement that summarizes the purpose of a persuasive speech

Front 44

persuasive speech

Back 44

a speech whose primary purpose is to change or reinforce the attitudes, beliefs, values, and/or behaviors of receivers

Front 45

persuasion

Back 45

the attempt to change or reinforce attitudes, beliefs, values, or behaviors

Front 46

behavioral interview

Back 46

an employment interview in which an employer looks for the employee to provide specific skills

Front 47

case interview

Back 47

an employment interview in which the interviewee is presented with a business case by the employer and asked to work through it

Front 48

closed questions

Back 48

highly structured questions answerable with a simple yes or no or in a few words

Front 49

employment interview

Back 49

the most common type of purposeful, planned, decision-making, person-to-person communication

Front 50

open questions

Back 50

questions that offer the interviewee freedom with regard to the choice and scope of an answer

Front 51

primary questions

Back 51

questions used to introduce topics or explore a new area

Front 52

secondary questions

Back 52

probing questions that follow up primary questions

Front 53

stress interview

Back 53

an employment interview in which more than one person fires questions at an interviewee