Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
manuvers that increase venous return to the heart
|
squatting
inspiration |
|
|
manuvers that decrease venous return to the heart
|
valsalva
expiration |
|
|
maneuvers that increase peripheral vascular resistance
|
hand grip
squatting |
|
|
what happens to most heart sounds with an increase in venous return?
What is the exception to this rule? |
most murmurs increase in intensity
Exception: HOCM and MVP |
|
|
what happens to a HOCM murmur with the valsalva maneuver?
|
increases in intensity
|
|
|
What happens to a MVP murmur with the valsalva maneuver?
|
increases in intensity
|
|
|
what happens to a HOCM murmur with inspiration?
|
decrease
|
|
|
What happens to a MVP murmur with inspiration?
|
decrease
|
|
|
what happens to a HOCM murmur with expiration?
|
increase
|
|
|
What happens to a MVP murmur with expiration?
|
increase
|
|
|
what are the "backward flow" murmurs?
|
Aortic/mitral regurgitation
VSD |
|
|
what are the forward flow murmurs?
|
Aortic/mitral stenosis
HOCM MVP |
|
|
what arterial resistance state causes an increase in murmur intensity for:
Aortic/mitral stenosis HOCM MVP |
decreased PVR (IE nitro)
|
|
|
what arterial resistance state causes a decrease in murmur intensity for:
Aortic/mitral regurgitation VSD |
decreased PVR (IE nitro)
|
|
|
what arterial resistance state causes a decrease in murmur intensity for:
Aortic/mitral stenosis HOCM MVP |
Increased PVR
|
|
|
what arterial resistance state causes an increase in murmur intensity for:
Aortic/mitral regurgitation VSD |
Increased PVR
|
|
|
what heart murmur is heard best in the second intercostal space, right sternal border?
|
AS/AR
|
|
|
where does an AS murmur radiate to?
|
to the CAROTIDS
|
|
|
what heart murmur is heard best in the second intercostal space, left sternal border?
|
Pulmonic stenosis, PR
PDA ASD |
|
|
what heart murmur is heard best in the 4th/5th intercostal space, left sternal border?
|
VSD, ASD
AR HOCM MVP TR, TS |
|
|
what heart murmur is heard best in the 5th intercostal space, mid-axilary line? (apex)
|
MR, MS, MVP
|
|
|
where does a MR murmur radiate to?
|
from the apex of the heart TO the AXILLA
|
|
|
what is the sound of a VSD?
|
holosystolic and harsh
|
|
|
what is the sound of a MR?
|
holosystolic and high pitched or "blowing"
|
|
|
what is the sound of AS?
|
Systolic crescendo-decrescendo
Ejection Click |
|
|
what is the sound of MVP?
|
systolic Crescendo
Mid-systolic Click |
|
|
what is the sound of AR?
|
Diastolic high pitched "blowing" or "water hammer"
|
|
|
what is the sound of MS?
|
diastolic rumbling
Opening snap |
|
|
what is the sound of a PDA?
|
continuous "machine like murmur"
also described as a harsh murmur that begins after S1 and proceeds through S2 |
|
|
artery involved in and ECG lead showing an anterior wall MI?
|
LAD
V1 - V4 |
|
|
artery involved in and ECG lead showing an anterioseptal MI?
|
LAD
V1 - V2 |
|
|
artery involved in and ECG lead showing an anterolateral MI?
|
LCX
V4 - V6 |
|
|
artery involved in and ECG lead showing an lateral wall MI?
|
LCX
I and aVL |
|
|
artery involved in and ECG lead showing an inferior wall MI?
|
RCA
II, III, aVF |
|
|
congenital heart diseases that cause cyanosis at or shortly after birth?
|
ToF
Transposition of great arteries Truncus arteriosis TAPVR (PV to RA) |
|
|
congenital heart diseases that cause cyanosis 2 weeks post birth or later?
|
VSD
ASD PDA |
|
|
what happens if a VSD, ASD, or PDA remain untreated for a long period of time?
|
Eisenmenger syndrome
- pulmonary HTN - switch from L to R flow to a R to L flow - RVH |
|
|
heart defects associated with DiGeorge syndrome?
|
TA
ToF |
|
|
heart defects associated with Downs?
|
Endocardial cushion (AV septal)
VSD ASD |
|
|
heart defects associated with congenital Rubella?
|
Pulmonary artery stenosis
ASD VSD PDA |
|
|
late cardiac complications of Marfan?
|
Dissecting AA
|
|
|
congenital heart defects associated with a diabetic mother
|
Transposition of the great vessels
|
|
|
Physical signs of Left Heart Failure
|
Pulmonary edema/effusion
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea Orthopnea |
|
|
Physical signs of Right Heart Failure
|
Ankle edema
JVD Hepatomegally |
|
|
Key concepts for Temporal arteritis (giant cell)
|
elderly
HA and Jaw pain Changes in Vision inc ESR TX: Steroids |
|
|
Key concepts for Takayasu arteritis
|
Young Asian
weak UE pulses |
|
|
Key concepts for Polyarteritis nodosa
|
Young
Hep B + Renal, gut, and skin vessel aneurysms leading to thrombosis and ischemia Tx: steroids |
|
|
Key concepts for Kawasaki
|
Child under 4
Fever, conjunctivitis, beefy red tongue, circumoral/hand/foot erythema and subsequent desquamation. Tx: IV Ig and Aspirin |
|
|
Key concepts for Buergers (thromboangitis obliterans)
|
older smoker
Raynauds intermittent claudication Tx: smoking cessation |
|
|
Key concepts for Wegener
|
URI
Lungs Kidneys vasculitis, granulomas c-ANCA Tx: cyclophosphamide and steroids |
|
|
Key concepts for Churg-Strauss
|
Asthma, palpable purpura, peripheral neuropathy
eosinophilia p-ANCA |
|
|
Key concepts for Henoch-Schonlein purpura
|
Post URI in Children
Palpable purpura, arthralgia, abdominal pain IgA nephropathy |
