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171 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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alpha 1 receptors
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contract vascular smooth muscle
dilate pupil increase sphincter tone |
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alpha 2 receptors
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decrease insulin release
decrease sympathetic outflow |
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Beta 1 receptors
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increase heart rate, contractility
increase renin and lipolysis |
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Beta 2 receptors
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increase heart rate, contractility
vasodilation, bronchodilation increase insulin release |
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M1 receptors
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in the CNS and enteric nervous system
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M2 receptors
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Decrease heart rate and contractility of the atria
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M3 receptors
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increase exocrine gland secretions (sweat and gastric acids)
increase peristalsis, bladder contraction, and bronchoconstriction pupil contraction(miosis) |
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D1 receptors
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relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle
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D2 receptors
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modulates neurotransmitters especially in the brain
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H1 receptors
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increases nasal and bronchial mucous and constriction also plays a role in puritis and pain
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H2 receptors
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increase gastric acid secretion
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V1
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vascular smooth muscle contraction
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V2
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increases the permiability and water reabsorption in the collecting tubules
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what are the Gq receptors and how do they work
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HAVe 1 M & M= H1, A1, V1, M1, and M3
activate phosholipase C to convert lipids to IP3 and Dag to eventually ncrease Ca and protien kinase C |
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What are the Gs and Gi receptors and how do they work
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Gi = MAD2s= M2. A2, D2
Gs = B1, B2, A1, D1, H2, V2 All of the activate Adenylate cyclase to increase protein kinase A |
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Bethanechol
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ACh agonist, activates bowel and bladder, good for post op illeus and urinary retention
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Pilocarpine
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stimulates sweat tears and saliva.
constricts ciliary muscle of the eye for glaucoma |
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Methacholine
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used to test for asthma, activates muscarinic receptors when inhaled.
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Carbachol
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pupil contraction and release of intraocular pressure (glaucoma)
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-stigmines
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increase endogenous ACh by inhibiting the ACh esterase
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Neostigmine
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anticholinesterase used for post op ilieus and bladder retention, Myesthenia gravis, and reversal of nerve blocks. Neo= No CNS involvement
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pyridostigmine
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Long acting treatment for myesthenia gravis No CNS
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Physostigmine
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For Glaucoma, and atropine overdose, Crosses the BBB so has CNS involvement
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Edrphonium
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Very short acting AChE inhibitor, for the diagnosis of Myesthenia gravis
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Organophosphate poisoning symptoms (or other choliesterase inhibitors overdoses)
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DUMBELSS
Diarrhea Urination Miosis Bronchospasm Bradycardia excitation of skeletal muscle Lacrimation sweating Salvation |
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Ipratropium
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Muscarinic antagonist, inhaled for asthma and COPD
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Benztropine
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Muscarinc antagonist for the CNS. Parkinsons disease, remember PARK my BENZ
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Scopolamine
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CNS muscarinc antagonist for motion sickness
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Oxybutynin
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muscarinic antagonist to reduce bladder urgency.
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Atropine side effects or overdose
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Hot as a hare
red as a beet dry as a bone blind as a bat mad as a hatter |
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Atropine effects on
Eye airway stomach gut bladder |
eye- dilation, cycloplegia
airway- decrease secretions stomach- decrease acid secretion Gut- decrease motility Bladder- decrease urgency |
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Isoproterenol
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B1=B2 agonist no A activity
can be used in AV block and bradycardia |
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Dopamine
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used in shock and heart failure, increases renal perfusion
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dobutamine
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B1>B2 only inonotropic (contactility) no choronotropic(rate) effects.
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Metaproteronol
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selective B2 for acute asthma
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Albuterol
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selective B2 for acute asthma
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Salmeterol
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selective B2 for long term treatment of asthma, long acting
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Terbutlaline and ritodrine
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selective B2 agonist for reducing premature contractions.
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Clonodine, alpha methyldopa
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Centrally acting A2 agonists decrease the adrenergic output
treatment for hypertension without the decrease in blood flow to the kidneys |
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Non selective A blockers
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Penoxybenzamine (irreversible) and Phentolamine(reversible)
use for pretreament before removing a Pheochromocytoma |
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A1 blockers, uses and side effects
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Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin,
For hypertension and urinary retention due to BPH. can cause 1st dose orthostatic hypotension and dizziness or headache |
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B-blockers
selective and non selective |
all end in olol except labetalol
A-E + metoprolol all after E are non selecitve and have equal B1 and B2 activity |
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B-Blocker uses and effects
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lowers HR and contactility, lowers renin, Slows AV conduction velocity (propanolol and esmolol)
lowers secretion of aqueous humor (timolol) |
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-afil
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erectile dysfunction
ex. sildenifil |
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azepam
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benzodiazepine
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-azine
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phenothiazine (neuroepileptic or antiemetic)
ex. chlorpromazine |
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-azol
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antifungal
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-barbitol
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barbituates
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-caine
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local anesthetic
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-cycline
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protien synthesis inhibitor, antibiotic
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-etine
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SSRI
ex. fluoxetine |
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ipiramine
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TCA
ex. imipramine |
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navir
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protease inhibitor
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olol
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B blocker
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-operidol
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butyrophene (neuroepileptic)
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-oxin
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Cardiac glycoside (ionotropic agent)
ex. digoxin |
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-phyline
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Methylxanthine
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-pril
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ACE inhibitor
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-terol
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B2 agonist.
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-tidine
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H2 antagonist
ex. cimetidine |
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-triptan
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5-HT agonist (migraine)
ex. sumatripan |
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-triptyline
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TCA
ex. amitriptyline |
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-tropin
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pituitary hormone
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-zolam
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benzodiazapine
ex. alprazolam |
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-zosin
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A1 antagoninst
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-sartan
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ARB (angiotensin receptor blocker)
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Block peptidoglycan crossinlinking
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-cillins, cephalosporins, imipenem, aztreonam
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blocks peptidoglycan synthesis
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bacitracin and vacomycin
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Disrupts cell membranes
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polymyxins
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Blocks nucleotide synthesis
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sulfonamides, trimehtoprin
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Block DNA topoisomerases
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Flouroquinilones
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Block RNA synthesis
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Rifampin
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Block 50S
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Chloramphenolcol, macrolides, clindamycin
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Blocks 30S
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aminoglycosides, tetracyclines
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Bacteriocidal drugs
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Vancomycin, Flouroquinilones, penicillin, aminioglycosides, cephlasporins, metronidazole.
(Very Finely Proficient At Cell Murder) |
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Ampicillin/amoxicilin
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Broad spectrum penicillins.
G+ bacteria and G- rods. (Haimophilus, E.coli, Listeria, Proteus, Salmonella, enterococci) HELPS kill enterococci |
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penicillins for Pseudomonas
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ticarcillin, carbenicillin, piperacillin
Takes Care of Pseudo |
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cephalasporin for pseudomonas
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Ceftazidime
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cephalosporin for gonorrhea
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ceftriaxone
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important cephalosporin info
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1-more resistant to penicillinases
2-increases renal toxicity of aminoglycosides 3- disulfram like reaction |
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DOC for enterobacter
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Imipenem/cilastin
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Vancomycin use and toxicity
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Used for MRSA and C. Diff
Nephrotoxic, Ototoxic, thrombophlebitis, and red man syndrome. |
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30S and 50S inhibitors
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buy AT 30, CCELL at 50
30s aminoglycoside and tetracyclines 50s cloramphenocol, clindamycin, erythromycin, lincomycin, linezolid |
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Aminoglycosides (3)
use and toxiciity |
Gentamycin, neomycin, streptomycin.
G- rods but do not work on anaerobes Nephrotoxic (especial w/cephlasporins) Ototoxic (especialy w/ loop diruetics) Teratogen |
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Tetrocyclines MOA and toxicity
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30s inhibitors,
Discoloration of teeth and bone growth in children, photosensitivity. don't use in pregnancy |
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Demeclocycline
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ADH antagonist; acts as a diuretic in SIADH
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Macrolides (3)
MOA tox |
Erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
50s inhibitor Prolonged QT interval, GI discomfort |
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Chloramphenocol
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inhibits 50S, use for meningitis
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Clindamycin
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blocks 50s treatment for anaerobes above the diaphragm.
causes c.diff overgrowth. |
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DOC for neurogenic bladder
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tolterodine
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methimazole use and side effect
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used for graves disease, can cause immunosupresion, specificaly agranulocytosis
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Class 1A antiarrhythmics
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Quinidine and Procainamide Blocks Na fast channels in open activated state. Increases action potential duration and ERP. also has K blocking action and prolongs repolarization
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Quinidine
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Class 1A anntiarrhytmic. also blocks muscarinics and causes increased HR and av conduciton. Reflex tachycardia and vasodilation vi Apha block. Can cause dig tox. hyperkalemia enhances effect and antacids make it more toxic.
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Procainamide
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Class 1A antiarrhythmic. may have SLE like syndrome, tordades, thrombocytopenia and agranulocytosis
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Class 1B antiarrhythmics
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Lidocane and Mexiletine. Block fast Na channels in the inactivated state. Prefrers hypoxic or ishemic tissues making it less excitable. Increases diastole
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Lidocane
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class 1B antiarrhythmic, IV because of first pass metabolism. Useful post MI, open heart surgery. Leads to digoxin tox.
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Mexilitine
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works like lidocane but has oral preparation.
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Class II antiarrhythmics
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Beta blockers.Propanolol(non-selective) and acebutolol and esmolol (selective) Leads to decrease in cAMP, slow SA and AV activity. Used prophalactivly in post MI and in SVT.
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Esmolol
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IV use for acute SVT.
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Class III antiarrhythmics
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K channel blockers, slow repolarization (phase III) of action potential. Amiodarone, sotalol.
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Amiodarone
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class III antiarrhythmic. Long half life >80 days, usefull for any arrhythmia. Can cause pulmonary fibrosis, smurf skin, and thyroid dysfunction.
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Sotalol
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class III antiarrythmic. used for liffe threatening ventricular arrhythmia
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Class IV antiarrhythmics
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Ca Channel Blockers; Verapamil and diltiazem. Used for superventricular tachycardias. slows SA and AV node activity.
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Verapamil
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class IV antiarrhythimc, Ca channel blocker for SVT, may cause constipation, flushing, hypotension and av block. displaces digoxin.
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Long QT syndrome
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ventricular arrhythmia due to K channel defect, class 1A and III drugs may increase risk of torsades.
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treatment of torsades
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correct the hypokalemia and hypo magnesemia, and give isoproterenol.
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Adenosine
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extreamly short acting
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Drugs that cause torsades
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potassium channel blockers (class 1A and III)
thioridazine TCAs |
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When do you give Mg as a heart med
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torsades
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A2 agonists for hypertension
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Clonidine and methyl dopa
A2 decreases sympathetic outflow |
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clonidine
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A2 agonist. for mild to moderate hypertension and for opiate withdrawl. may cause CNS depresion and edema. TCAs may reduce effectiveness
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Methyldopa
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A2 agonist for reducing hypertension in pregnancy. may cause CNS depression and edema. POS. coombs test. TCAs may reduce effectiveness
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Reserpine
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antihypertensive via reduced sympathetic stimulation. Destroys neurotransmitter vessicles. NE, dopamine and serotonin are all lowered. Can cause severe depression and increased GI secretions.
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Guanithidine
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antihypertensive via binding NE vessicles and preventing their release. Does not work with TCAs
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A1 blockers(3) MOA and side effects
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Antihypertensive and for BPH Pazosin, doxazosin, trazosin
lowers arteriolar venous resistance. first dose syncope, orthostatic hypotension. urinary incontanance. however improves lipid profile |
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B-blockers side effects
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cardiovascular depression, fatigue, sexual dysfunction, and increase in LDLs. Should not use in asthmatics, vasospastic dissorders or diabetics.
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Hydralazine
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decreasing TPR via arteriolar dilation (NO) used in moderate to severe hypertension
May cause SLE like symptoms in slow acetylators. Reflex tachycardia |
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Nitroprusside, use function, and tox
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dilation of arterioles and venules throug NO production. Given IV for hypertensive emergencies. can cause cyanide tox if given with nitrites or thiosulfate.
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Minoxadil
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opens K channels causing hyperpolarization of smooth muscle resulting in arteriolar dilation. used for severe hypertension.
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nifidipine
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Ca channel blocker with most of its effect in the periphery instead of the heart. decreases TPR May cause reflex tachycardia and gingival hyperplasia.
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Ace inhibitors
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-prils. block formation of angiotensin II so no AT receptor stimulation. lowers aldosterone but may produce a bradykinin induced cough
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ARBs
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-sartan, Block the AT receptors so lower lower aldosterone like ACEi but dont effect the degradation of bradykinin
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Aliskerin
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Renin inhibitor, blocks formation of angiotensin 1. Same effect as ACEi and ARBs.
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Diuretics and their side effects and contraindications
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ACEi, ARBs, aliskerin.
Hyperkalemia, acute renal failure on renal artery stenosis. angioedema, dont use in pregnancy |
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DOC for pulmonary hypertension
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Bosentan or sildenafil.
sildenafil inhibits type V PDE causing an increase in cGMP |
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Which drugs help prevent cardiac remodeling
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ACEi and spirinolactone
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Digoxin
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increases contractility, but can be toxic given with verapamil and quinidine
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cloramphenicol
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gray baby syndrome, used for salmonnella, can cause aplastic anemia, blocks ribosomal peptidyl transferase
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DOC for G- if have penicillian alregy
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Aztreonam
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DOC for esophageal bleeding
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octreotide
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metoclopramide
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dopamina antagonist used as an antiemetic in chemo. may also be used for refractory gerd
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misoprostol
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prstaglandin e1 for treatment of NSAID indueced gastric ulcers, can cause uterine contractions
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Rantididne
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H2 antagonist to inhibit gastric acid secretion.
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sibutramine
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apitite supresant, inhibits NE, Dop, and Seratonin reuptake
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sulfazalazine
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antiinflamatory for mild to moderate ulcerative colitis
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ursodiol
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dissolves gallstones by decreasing colestrerol synthesis secretiona and absorption
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ergocalciferol
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Vit D2 analog, elevates calcium post parathyroidectomy
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causes tendon rupture or arthropathy in those under 18
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Flouroquinilones, ciprofloxacin... inhibit topoisomerases like dna gyrase
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Anti hypertensives that cause dislipidemia
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Metoprolol, and thiazides
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antihypertensive that lowers cholesterol and raises HDLs
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Prazosin
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oxybutynin
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antimuscarinic for urinary incontinance
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Bethanechol
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muscarinic agonist for urinary retention
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Tacrolimus
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inhibits t-cell activation by blocking I-2 transcription. for heart liver and kidney transplants
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Azothioprin
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converted to 6-mercaptopurine, used for kidney transplant rejection, RA chrons and ulcerative colitis
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cyclophophamide
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alkalates dna, used fo rmany types of cancer and RA
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sirolimus
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used in renal transplants, blocks t-cell proliferation via serine threonine kinase binding
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Methanphetamine MOA
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causes dopamine release in rewards centers of the brain. also causes release of the other neurotransmitters as well
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Dinoprostone
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cervix dilation and uterine contraction (prostaglandin E2)
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Alprostadil
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prostaglandin E1 (vasodilator for erectile disfunciton
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Lantaprost
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for Glaucoma
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misoprostol
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prostaglandin E1 for duodenal ulcers cause by Nsaids. will cause contractions and spontaneos abortion
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neuroeptic maalignant syndrome (NMS)
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fever muscle rigidity, altered mental status, diaphoresis, tachycardia..ect... caused by antipsycotics such as Fluphenazine or dopamine agonist withdrawl.
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diuretic for low creatanine clearance
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furosomide
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antibiotics that ihibit p450s
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macrolides, bind 50 s subunit such as clarithromycin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin. also a antifungal
Ketoconazole |
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DOC for strep Pneumonia
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azithromycin
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DOC for CMV
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Gancylovir
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DOC for toxoplasmosis
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sulfadiazine
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DOC for acromegaly
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Octreotide, a somatostatin analog that blocks the release of GH
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Filgastim
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granulocyte stimulating factor for neutropenia of chemotherapy
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enoxaparin
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low molecular wieght heparin
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bivalirudin
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anticoagulation for people suceptable to HIT
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Sumatriptan
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for migrains, 5HT 1D/1B agonist
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buspirone
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5HT 1A partial agonist for generilzed anxiety
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Clozapine
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5HT 2 blocker antipsycotic
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Odansetron
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5HT 3 blocker for antiemetic works well for chemo
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Fluoxetine
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Serotonin reuptake inhibitor
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anithypertensive for pregnancy
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methyldopa, an alpha 2 agonist
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antidepresant that causes priaprizm
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trazadone
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antihypertensive that causes priapism
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hydralazine and prazosin
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antipsycotics that cause priapism
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chlorpromazine
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antihypertensive that causes gynecomastia
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spirinolactone
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