Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
In an average day we produce ___ words. In an avg hour, we produce ___ individual speech sounds
|
- 40,000
- 24,000 |
|
|
__- cognitive science theory about how the human mind is organized within the brain structures
|
-Modularity
|
|
|
Language is both __ & __.
|
-species specific and species uniform
|
|
|
__- only humans have the type of language that we have. 5 components and only humans can handle all 5.
list 5 components: |
-Species specific
1-vocab. words? 2-grammar 3-morphine 4-phonology 5-pragmatics |
|
|
__-language is learned in a universal way for each species.
|
-species uniform
|
|
|
__-speakers can make new utterances and recombine forms they already know to express novel utterances. Language is generative.
|
- productivity
|
|
|
__-speakers can use language to refer to ideas, events, objects. Language is symbolic.
|
- semanticity
|
|
|
__-speakers can use language to talk about things not in the here and now. Language is decontextualized.
|
-displacement
|
|
|
Lenneberg's characterization of language
|
-regular onset of speech
-speech is not suppressible -language cannot be taught to other species -languages have universal features |
|
|
__-left frontal region near motor strip.
:telegraphic speeck, missing function words. Usually better comprehension than production. |
-Broca's Aphasia
|
|
|
__-posterior left temporal lobe near auditory association of brain.
:fluent speech with poor comprehension and paraphasias |
-Wernicke's Aphasia
|
|
|
Wernicke's Aphasia:
-spork for fork= -horse for dog= fremser for ashtray= |
-lieral/phonemic
-verbal/semantic -neologisms/jargon |
|
|
__-Arcuate fasciculus (bundle of subcortical fibers that connect Wernicke's and Broca's areas)
|
-Conduction Aphasia
|
|
|
__-these ppl have trouble comprehendint/producing comple lang., but simple lang. tasks can be done. In ability to repeat simple sentences they can say spontaneously.
|
-Conduction Aphasia
|
|
|
__-relatively intact grammar and vocabulary with severe cognitive (IQ) deficits. (decrease in cognitive skills)
|
-William's syndrome
|
|
|
__-cognitive abilities (IQ) within normal range, but deficits in vocabulary and severe deficits in morphosyntax. (weakness in language)
|
- Specific Language Impairment
|
|
|
__-people who do not share common language invent a language system that shares lexical items (words) but each has own primitive grammar.
|
-Pidgins
|
|
|
__-language system that emerges from language contact. Includes shared lexical items and a complex grammar.
|
-Creoles
|
|
|
Four Stage Model
0-2 yrs 2-7 yrs 7-11 yrs 11 + yrs |
-sensorimotor
-pre-operational -concrete operational -formal operational |
|
|
-Child changes from experiencing the world around her through her senses to forming representations ab the world and using these rep. to think, reflect, play, and communicate
|
-sensorimotor state
|
|
|
-understanding that things exist even when we cannot see them.
|
-object permanence
|
|
|
-understanding that problems can be solves mentally so taht a goal can be attained by methods other than trial and error (understanding that actions have outcomes)
|
-means-end
|
|
|
-using other people of things to achieve a goal
|
-tool use
|
|
|
-imitation of others if behavior is in repertoire
-repetition of behavior with unexpected outcome -self is cause of everything |
- 4-8 months
|
|
|
-imitation of new behaviors
-object permanence begins (object consistency) -manual search for object where last seen |
-8-12 months
|
|
|
-experiment with means-end activities
tools used: __ & ___ |
-12 - 18 months
- nonfunctional and conventional |
|
|
-cause - effect relationships other than self
-tool use complete __ & __ -object permanence complete |
-18-24 months
- conventional and productive |
|
|
-any communicative act that an individual engages in purposefully (with volition).
|
-intention
|
|
|
-Criteria for Intentional behavior
|
-deliberate use of eye contact during behavior
-consistent behavior and ritualized behavior -pauses after behavior to wait for a response -persistence of behavior when not understood |
|
|
stages of intentional behavior
- 0-8 mth. intention inferred by adult - 8-12 mth. shows objects and displays range of gestures - 12 moth + words accompoany and replace gestures |
-prelocutionary
-Illocutionary -Locutionary |
|
|
-any communicative act that an individual engages in purposefully (with volition).
|
-the development of intention.
|
