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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The outer and middle ear is what part of the auditory mechanism and what is its function?
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conductive - to conduct sound to the sense organ
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What is the sense organ of hearing?
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cochlea
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What is the neural part of the auditory mechanism?
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8th cranial nerve
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This is how we hear in normal daily environment. Sound is transmitted through the outer and middle ear, to the inner ear, and then the 8th cranial nerve to the brain.
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air conducted sound
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In this type of sound conduction, a tuning fork is placed on the mastoid bone and goes more directly to the cochlea then sends impulses to the cochlea that are sent along the 8th cranial nerve to the brain. It bypasses the entire outer and middle ear and stimulates the inner ear directly.
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bone conducted sound
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Most bone conduction testing is not done with a ________ _______, but is instead done with a bone conduction _________ ________ that fits the head like a ___________ with a small square object on one side behind the __________ and creates a _________ that __________ the skull bones.
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tuning fork
testing device headband auricle signal vibrates |
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Which type of hearing loss involves the breakdown or obstruction of some part of the external or middle ear only?
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conductive hearing loss
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In which type of hearing loss are the physical vibrations of sound no longer transmitted or conducted through air conduction because of the obstruction?
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conductive hearing loss
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With which type of hearing loss are most problems medically correctable?
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conductive hearing loss
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In which type of hearing loss is the physical conduction of sound being impacted in getting to the sensory organ?
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conductive hearing loss
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In what type of hearing loss will bone conduction tests results be normal?
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conductive hearing loss
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Which type of hearing loss results in damage occurring in the inner ear?
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sensorineural hearing loss
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With sensorineural hearing loss, sensory loss only involves the _________ and neural loss only involves the ____________.
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cochlea
8th cranial nerve |
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Sensorineural hearing loss is usually referred to as what?
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combined-sensorineural hearing loss
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What type of hearing loss has the same amount of hearing loss for both air and bone conduction testing?
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sensorineural hearing loss
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What type of hearing loss is caused by noise, aging, heredity, and accidents?
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sensorineural hearing loss
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Which type of hearing loss is not medically correctable?
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sensorineural hearing loss
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In what type of hearing loss does a combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss occur simultaneously in the same ear?
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mixed hearing loss
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In which type of hearing loss will air conduction results be worse than bone conduction results?
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mixed hearing loss
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Which type of hearing loss is often called a "functional loss?"
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nonorganic hearing loss
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What type of hearing loss is a result of some sort of psychological cause and there is nothing physically wrong with the hearing mechanism?
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nonorganic hearing loss
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List 3 types of nonorganic hearing loss.
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malingering
conversion hysteria psychogenic hearing loss |
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In which type of nonorganic hearing loss does the patient willingly and knowingly fabricate a hearing loss for some sort of gain?
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malingering
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In which type of nonorganic hearing loss can the patient not hear but there is not evidence of an organic cause?
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conversion hysteria
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Which type of nonorganic hearing loss presents a psychological disorder that manifests in the symptoms of hearing loss?
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psychogenic hearing loss
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When tuning forks are struck, they produce what?
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The same characteristic frequency (specific to the fork) over and over
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This tuning fork tests estimates the patient's hearing by way of bone conduction.
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The Schwabach Test
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Schwabach Test Principle 1: When a tuning fork is struck and a ________ produced, if the fork is allowed to ____ and __________, it will _______ and become less and less ___________ because of _________ or ___________ effects.
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tone
sit vibrate slow intense resistive damping |
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Schwabach Test Principle 2: The _________ hearing is recorded in ____________ terms to the _____________ hearing. The test ___________ how long the tone is heard by the __________ compared to how long it is heard by the ____________.
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patient's
relative examiner's patient examiner |
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What is one of the flaws in the Schwabach test?
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The results will be inaccurate if the examiner has a hearing loss and is comparing the patient's hearing to his own.
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Schwabach Test procedure: ______ and place the tuning fork on the patient's _________ _______, right behind the ________. When the patient can no longer _______ the tone, the tuning fork is placed on the ____________ ____ and timed as to how long he can ______ ___.
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strike
mastoid bone auricle hear examiner's ear hear it |
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Schwabach outcome:
He hears the same amount of time as the person doing the testing. |
Normal Schwabach
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Schwabach outcome:
If they have a sensorineural hearing loss, they will hear it for a shorter time than the examiner (likely in an older person). |
Diminished Schwabach
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Schwabach outcome:
When the patient hears for a longer time than the examiner. This will be true of someone with conductive hearing loss. |
Prolonged Schwabach
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An impairment of the __________ hearing mechanism will _________ one's bone conducted _________ of sound.
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conductive
enhance perception |
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This test compares hearing by air conduction to hearing by bone conduction.
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The Rinne Test
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In this test, we stay on one side of the head with the tuning fork and compare the hearing by air conduction in that ear with the hearing by bone conduction in the same ear.
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The Rinne Test
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At what point is the air conduction advantage lost?
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when there is a conductive hearing loss
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In the Rinne Test, the fork is ________ and _____________ placed on the _______ ________ (BC) and at the opening of the ________ _________ (AC). The patient is asked at which location the tone is ___________.
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struck
alternately mastoid bone ear canal louder |
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In which test must masking noise be placed in the non-test ear to make sure the tone is being heard in the right place?
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The Rinne Test
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Rinne outcome:
When the fork is heard louder at the ear canal - this indicates either normal hearing activity or a sensorineural hearing loss |
Rinne Positive
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Rinne outcome:
When the fork is heard louder at the mastoid - indicates a conductive hearing loss. |
Rinne Negative
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Rinne outcome:
When there was not sufficient masking and the test tone crossed the head and was heard in the non-test ear. |
False-Negative Rinne
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Remember: The hearing mechanism is normally more sensitive by _____ conduction than by _____ conduction.
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air
bone |
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Which test takes advantage of the occlusion effect?
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the bing test
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The Occlusion Effect is when the _____ ________ is occluded or when a ___________ hearing disorder is present, there is an ___________ perception of a _____ when delivered to the ________ ear via __________ ______________.
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ear canal
conductive enhanced tone inner bone conduction |
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With normal or sensory hearing, a patient will hear a tone when the examiner ________ the outer ear by pushing on the ________. But, if the person has a conductive hearing loss, __________ and _________ the _______ will not change the patient's perception of the tone.
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occludes
tragus pressing releasing tragus |
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Which test does the examiner ask the patient many times "as I press and release on the side of your ear, do you hear an enhanced or a warbling effect on the tone."
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Bing Test
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Bing outcome:
If they have normal or sensorineural loss, they will hear the tone better when the examiner occludes the outer ear by pushing on the tragus. |
Positive Bing
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Bing outcome:
If the person already has a conductive loss, pressing and releasing the tragus will not change the perception of the tone. |
Negative Bing
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Which test is used to tell whether a unilateral (one-sided) hearing loss is conductive or sensorineural. It is a test of lateralization.
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The Weber Test
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In this test the patient is asked to indicate which ear is poorer and which ear is better. The tuning fork is then placed on the forehead and then asked to hear where they hear the tone.
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The Weber Test
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Weber results:
If the tone is heard in the better ear, the other ear must have this. |
sensorineural hearing loss
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Weber results:
If the tone is heard in the poor ear, that ear must have this. |
conductive hearing loss
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