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256 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The spinal cord is covered with _____.
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Meninges
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The protective tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
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Meninges
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The meninges ____ the spinal cord and brain and helps the brain _____ in the cranium
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Lubricates
Float (via subarachnoid cererbrospinal fluid and fluid-filled ventricles) |
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The spaces between the layers of meninges contain _____ _____.
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Cerebrospinal Fluid
(between the arachnoid and pia mater) |
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The 3 layers of Meninges from superficial to deep
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Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater Pia Mater |
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The outermost layer of the meninges is
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Dura Mater
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The Dura Mater is ____ and offers protection to the _____ and _____ ____.
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Fiberous
Brain Spinal Cord |
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The middle layer of the meninges is the
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Arachnoid Mater
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The distinguishing physical characteristic of the Arachnoid Mater is that it is ____-_____.
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Web-Like
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The Arachnoid Mater of the Meninges is where _____ ____ flows through.
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Cerebrospinal Fluid
(subarachnoid) |
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The innermost layer of the meninges is the
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Pia Mater
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The Pia Mater helps form the ___ _____.
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Choroid Plexus
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The Choroid Plexis is what makes ______ ______.
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Cerebrospinal fluid
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The trajectory of the spinal cord
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Top of the 1st Cervical Vertebrae to the bottom of the 1st Lumbar Vertebrae
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This is the butterfly-shaped substance at the center of the spinal cord
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Gray Matter
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The primary features of Gray Matter of the spinal cord
(TV is DuLl) |
Transverse Commisure
Ventral Horn/Column (anterior) Dorsal Horn/Column (posterior) Lateral Horn/Column |
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The Ventral Horn is in the _____ of the ____ ____ of the spinal cord and contains the _____ nerve cells.
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Anterior
Gray Matter Motor (Efferent) |
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The Dorsal Horn is in the _____ of ____ ____ of the spinal cord and contains the _____ nerve cells.
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Posterior
Gray Matter Sensory |
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The Lateral Horns are on the ____ of the _____ _____ of the spinal cord and contain the ____ nerve cells.
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Sides
Gray Matter Autonomic |
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Grey matter extends the ____ ____ of the spinal cord
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Full Length
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In Spinal Cord, Gray Matter is _____ to White Matter
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Deep
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In the Spinal Cord, White Matter is _____ to Gray Matter
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Superficial
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The White Matter of the spinal cord is made of ______.
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Funiculi (bundles of nerve fibers)
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The 3 Funiculi of the White Matter of the Spinal Cord are
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Ventral
Lateral Dorsal |
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Each Funiculus contains (SAD)
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Short Intersegmental Fibers
Ascending Fiber Tracts Descending Fiber Tracts |
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The Ascending Fiber Tracts of the White Matter of the Spinal Cord transmit _____ and ______ information
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Visceral
Proprioceptive (Sensory) |
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The Descending Fiber Tracts of the White Matter of the Spinal Cord transmit information from _____ ______ ____ out.
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Higher Motor Centers
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The Short Intersegmental Fibers of the White Matter of the Spinal Cord mediate ____ ___.
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Reflexive Behavior
(Note: cannot find good backup data on this - only from lecture. can't find it anywhere else) |
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The PNS is defined as any neuron or nerve cell process located ______ the _____ and _____ ______.
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Outside
Skull Vertebral Column |
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There are ____ Cranial Nerves in the PNS.
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12
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Cranial nerves are named for ____, _____ or ______.
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Structure
Function Distribution |
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The types of Cranial Nerves are
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Motor
Sensory Mixed/Both |
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The two cranial nerves that DO NOT leave the cranium
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I - Olfactory
II - Optic |
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Cranial Nerve I
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Olfactory Nerve
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CN I - Olfactory
Function: Type: |
Smell
Sensory |
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Cranial Nerve II
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Optic
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CN II - Optic
Function: Type: |
Vision
Sensory |
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Cranial Nerve III
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Oculormotor
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CN III - Oculormotor
Function: Type: |
- Visual convergence, pupil size, lens shape
- Motor |
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Which cranial nerve can be impacted by a Laryngectomy
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CN I - Olfactory
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"Stinky Old Factories Smell"
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CN I - Olfactory
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See/Move = 3
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CN III - Oculormotor
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Cranial Nerve IV
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Trochlear
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CN IV - Trochlear ("See Clear")
Function: Type: |
- Visual tracking (down/outward)
- Motor |
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"Track FOR clairty"
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CN IV - Trochlear
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Cranial Nerve V
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Trigeminal
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CN V - Trigemnial
Function: Type: |
- Sensations to facial regions & mastication control
- Motor and Sensory (Both) |
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"5 Golden Rings are Gems"
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CN V - Trigeminal
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Cranial Nerve VI
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Abducens
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CN VI - Abducens
Function: Type: |
- Lateral eye movement
- Motor |
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"6 Pack of Abs"
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CN VI - Abducens
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Cranial Nerve VII
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Facial
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CN VII - Facial
Function: Type: |
- Sensations of tongue & soft palate; facial expressions; taste
- Motor and Sensory (Both) |
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"Put on your lucky 7 game Face"
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CN VII - Facial
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Cranial Nerve VIII
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Vestibulochlear (Acoustic)
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CN VIII - Vestibulochlear (Acoustic)
Function: Type: |
- Hearing and Equilibrium
- Sensory |
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"The Vest is only an 8"
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CN VIII - Vestibulochlear
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Cranial Nerve IX
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Glossopharyngeal
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CN IX - Glossopharyngeal
Function: Type: |
- Swallowing, salivation, taste
- Motor and Sensory (both) |
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"9 Glossy pictures"
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CN IX - Glossopharyngeal
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Cranial Nerve X
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Vagus
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CN X - Vagus
Function: Type: |
- Sensations to/control of Pharynx, Larynx and Viscera
- Motor and Sensory (both) |
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"Nothing good happens in Vegas after 10pm"
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CN X - Vagus
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Cranial Nerve XI
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Accessory
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CN XI - Accessory
Function: Type: |
- Activate Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius muscles
- Motor |
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"11 necklace Accessories are too many"
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CN XI - Accessory
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Cranial Nerve XII
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Hypoglossal
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CN XII - Hypoglossal
Function: Type: |
- Controls tongue movement
- Motor |
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"High Gloss"
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CN XII - Hypoglossal
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CN Name Mneumonic Device
"On old Olympus' towering top, a Finn and German viewed a hop" |
- Olfactory
- Optic - Oculormotor - Trochlear - Trigemnial - Abducens - Facial - Acoustic (Vestibulochlear) - Glossopharyngeal - Vagus - Accessory - Hypoglossal |
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CN Type Mneumonic Device
"Some say Maryilyn Monroe, but my brother says Bridget Bardot. Mmmm Mmmmm. |
- Sensory (Olfactory)
- Sensory (Optic) - Motor (Ocularmotor) - Motor (Trochlear) - Both (Trigeminal) - Motor (Abducens) - Both (Facial) - Sensory (Acoustic - Vestibuchochlear) - Both (Glossopharyngeal) - Both (Vagus) - Motor (Accessory - Spinal) - Motor (Hypoglossal) |
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The Ventral root of the spinal cord is the _____ portion and sends signals _____ ____ the brain.
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Efferent
Away from |
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The Dorsal root of the spinal cord is the _____ portion and sends signals ______ the brain
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Afferent
Toward |
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These combine to form a complete spinal nerve loop
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The ventral (efferent) and dorsal (afferent) roots
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The number of pairs of spinal nerves
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31 Pairs
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Breakdown the 31 pairs of spinal nerves
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- Cervical (8)
- Thoracic (12) - Lumbar (5) - Sacral (5) - Coccygeal (1) |
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Another name for the Autonomic Nervous System is the _____ ____ or _______ system
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Visceral Efferent (away from CNS)
Involuntary (system) |
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The ANS supplies nerve impulses to the ____ ____ and _____ throughout the body
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Smooth Muscles
Glands |
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The ANS is divided into _____ and ______ systems
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Sympathetic
Parasympathetic |
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The Sympathetic division of the PNS is an _______ system
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Excitatory
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The Sympathetic System prepares the body for _______ by _______ its systems.
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Emergencies/stress
Exciting |
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This is the antagonist to the Sympathetic division of the PNS
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Parasympathetic
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The Parasympathetic division of the PNS is an ______ system.
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Inhibatory
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The Parasympathetic system ___ ____ the body to ______ body resources and ______ internal activity
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Slows Down
Conserve Reduce |
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The parasympathetic division of the PNS is the anatagonist of the ______ _____.
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Sympathetic Divsion
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The most basic functional unit of the nerve is the ______.
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Neuron
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The 3 main part of the neuron are
(CAD) |
Cell Body
Axon Dendrites |
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The neuron's dendrites are _____ and move impulses ____ the cell body
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Afferent
Toward |
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Dendrites are _____ off of the cell body
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(Afferent) Extensions
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The neuron has 1 ______ which is a longer extension than the _______
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Axon
Dendrites |
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The Axon of the neuron is _____ and moves impulses _____ the cell body
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Efferent
Away (from) |
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______ covers the nerve fiber of the axon.
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Myelin
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The myelin of the axon helps _____ and _____ it.
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Protect
Insulate |
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The function of the Myelin of the axon is to aid in the
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Transmission of electrical currents from one nerve cell to the next.
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When a child is born, its neurons are not fully _______.
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Mylenated
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This builds up the myelin of the neurons
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Practicing a skill over & over.
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Practicing a skill builds myelin and therefore
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Speeds of the transmission of data from one cell to the next (therefore speeding the process of the skill)
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Full mylenation occurrs in
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Late Childhood
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A person who has MS has damage to the _______ of the ____ ____.
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Myelin
Nerve Cell |
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Damage to myelin causes the _____ or ______ of certain skills.
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Slowing
Loss |
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Three features of the Axon are
(MAN) |
Myelin
Axon terminals Nodes of Ranvier |
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These are the name for the gaps in the Myelin of the nerve cell
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Nodes of Ranvier
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The Nodes of Ranvier are the ____ where the nerve process is ______.
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Junctions (in the Myelin)
Exposed |
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These increase the velocity of the nerve impulses
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Nodes of Ranvier
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These are the end points of the Axon
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Axon Terminals
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These are the 5 types of Neurons
(SAm BEA) |
Somatic Neurons (voluntary control)
Autonomic Neurons (involuntary/visceral control) Both (motor and sensory) Efferant (Motor) Afferent (Sensory) |
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Somatic Neurons are associated with _____ activity that is ______ in the _____.
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Voluntary
Observable Environment |
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Autonomic Nerons are associated with ______ activity of the ____, _____ ____ and ______.
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Involuntary
Viscera Blood Vessels Glands |
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Activity in the Autonomic Neurons happens without ____ ____.
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Conscious Thought
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Efferent Neurons are ______ neurons that send impulses ______ the ___ ___ or ____.
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Motor
Away (from) Cell Body CNS |
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Afferent Neurons are ______ neurons that send impulses ______ the ___ ____ or _____
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Sensory
Toward Cell Body CNS |
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Motor Neurons are _____ Neurons
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Efferent
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Sensory Neurons are _____ Neurons
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Afferent
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Mixed neurons are both _____ and ______ and send information _____ and _____ the cell body or CNS.
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Motor
Sensory Toward Away (from) |
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The name for the space between a chain of 3 or more neurons.
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Synapse (Synaptic Cleft)
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The end of the Axon Terminal is the ____ _____.
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Synaptic Knob
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The Synaptic Knob is filled with _____ ______ that carry ______.
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Synaptic Vessicles
Neurotransmitters |
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Synaptic Vessicles release _____ through the synaptic knob's ______.
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Neurotransmitters
Membrane |
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Vessicles pass through the synaptic knob's membrane into the ____ ___
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Synaptic Cleft
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Neurotransmitters pass through the membrane of the _____ ______ ____ (receiving neuron)
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Post Synaptic Neuron
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These join together to form a nerve
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Bundles of axons and/or dendrites from a number of neurons.
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Bundles of ______/______ from a number of neurons join together to form a ______.
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Axons
Dendrites Nerve |
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The 3 types of nerves are
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Sensory (Afferent)
Motor (Efferent) Mixed (Both Efferent and Afferent) |
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Sensory Nerves are _____ Nerves
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Afferent
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Sensory Nerves move information _____ the CNS.
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Toward
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Motor Nerves are ______ Nerves
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Efferent
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Motor Nerves move information _____ the CNS.
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Away (from)
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Mixed nerves are ____ and _____.
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Efferent (Motor)
Afferent (Sensory) |
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The Cerebral Cortex is responsible for
(TV LRP) |
- Thought
- Voluntary movement - Language - Reasoning - Perception |
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The Cerebellum is responsible for
(BPM) |
- Balance
- Posture - Movement |
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The Brain Stem is responsible for
(BHB) |
- Breathing
- Heart Rate - Blood Pressure |
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The Hypothalmus is respoinsible for
(HE BC) |
- Hunger & Thirst
- Emotions - Body Temperature - Cicadian Rhythms |
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The Thalmus is responsible for
(SI MI) |
- Sensory Integration
- Motor Integration |
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The Central Nervous System is made up of the
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Brain and Spinal Cord
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The Brain is divided up into the
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- Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon)
- Midbrain (Mesencephalon) - Forebrain (Prosencephalon) |
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Another name for the Hindbrain is
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Rhombencephalon
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Another name for the Midbrain is
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Mesencephalon
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Another name for the Forebrain is the
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Prosencephalon
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Another name for the hindbrain is the
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Rhombencephalon
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The Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon) is made up of the _____ and the ______.
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- Metencephalon (Cerebellum and Pons)
- Mylencephalon (Medula Oblongotta) |
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Another name for the Mylencephalon is the
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Medula Oblongotta
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Another name for the Medula Oblongotta is the
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Mylencephalon
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The Metencephalon is made up of the
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Cerebellum
Pons |
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The Cerebellum and Pons make up the
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Metencephalon (part of the Hindbrain)
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The Cerebellum is also known as the ____ ___ and is located at the ______.
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Little Brain
Posterior |
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The Cerebellum is responsible for regulation of _____ ____, ____ and _____
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Limb Movement
Balance Posture |
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The White Matter of the brain is made mostly of _____ _____.
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Mylenated Axons
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The White Matter of the brain is _____ in color
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Pinkish
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The Pons is part of the _______ that acts as a _____ between the lobes of the ______.
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Metencephalon
Bridge Cerebellum |
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The Pons connects the Cerebellum with the ____ and ____ ____.
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Cerebrum
Spinal Cord |
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This is where the spinal cord merges into the brain
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Medula Oblongotta (Mylencephalon)
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The brain stem is made up of
(DM PM) |
Diencephalon
Mesencepahlon Pons Medulla Oblongotta |
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What is connected to the brain stem but not considered part of it?
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Cerebellum
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What is another name for the Midbrain?
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Mesencephalon
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The function of the Midbrain (Mesencephaalon) is to connect the _____ and the _____.
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Forebrain (Prosencephalon)
Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon) |
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The Mesencephalon (aka the _____) aids in the ______ and _______ of movements
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Midbrain
Regulation Coordination |
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The Forebrain is also known as the
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Prosencephalon
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The Forebrain consists of the
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Diencephalon (Thalmus & Hypothalmus)
Telencephalon (Cerebrum) |
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The Diencephalon is part of the ______ and is made up of the ____ and _____.
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Forebrain (Proencephalon)
Thalmus Hypothalmus |
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The Thalmus (part of the _____) is the _____ and _____ center for ______ information
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Diencephalon (of the Forebrain)
Relay Integration Sensory |
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The Hyopthalmus (part of the _____) controls _____ activities, _____ balance, ______, ______ and ______ functions
(VWTSM) |
(Diencephalon)
Visceral Water (balance) Temperature Sleep Metabolic |
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The Telencephalon is made up of the
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Cerebrum
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Another name for the Cerebrum is the
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Telencephalon
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The _____ is the largest part of the human brain
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Cerebrum
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The Cerebrum has two _____ divided by a _____ ____.
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Hemispheres
Longitudinal Fissure |
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The White Matter of the Cerebrum lies ______ or under the _____ ____.
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Subcortical
Cerebral Cortex (gray matter) |
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White Matter of the _____ is made up of 3 kinds of fibers
(PAC) |
Brain
Projection Association Commisural |
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The three kinds of fibers in White Matter of the Cerebrum
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Projection Fibers
Association Fibers Commisural Fibers |
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Are Projection Fibers afferent or efferent?
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BOTH!
They send impluses to and from the cerebral cortex |
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Association Fibers interconnect _____ regions in the same hemisphere
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Cortical
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Association Fibers are made of ____ and _____ fibers
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Long
Short |
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The Short Fibers in the ______ Fibers of the White Matter connect _____ in adjacent ______.
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Association
Cells Convolutions |
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The Long Fibers in the _____ Fibers of the White Matter connect _____ ____ in the _____ hemisphere. (Give Example)
|
Association
Cortical Regions Same Ex: ARCUATE FASCICULUS connects Wernicke's to Broca's Area |
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The Arcuate Fasciculus is a _____ Fiber
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Long (association)
|
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These fibers connect cortical regions in the SAME hemisphere
|
Long Fibers
(Association) |
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Give an example of an important Long Fiber and what it connects
|
Arcuate Fasciculus
Connects Wernicke's to Broca's Area |
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Commisural Fibers connect _____ ____ of the _______ hemispheres.
|
Corresponding Regions
Two |
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What is the main commisural fiber?
|
Corpus Collosum
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The Corpus Collosum is a ____ fiber that connects the 2 hemispheres of the _____.
|
Commisural
Cerebrum |
|
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Cutting the Corpus Collosum is used as a treatment for severe ______.
|
Epilepsy
|
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If someone with a severed Corpus Collosum touches something (unseen) with his Left hand, what happens?
|
He cannot name the object because the signal sent to the right side of the brain cannot pass to the language center on the left.
|
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|
This separates the frontal & parietal lobes
|
Central Sulcus
|
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The bumpy surface of the hemisperes of the cerebrum are called
|
Gyri
|
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The Gyri are the _____ surface of the cerebrum.
|
Bumpy
|
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The depressions/convolutions down into the cerebrum are called
|
Sulci
|
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The Sulci are the _______ on the surface of the cerebrum
|
Depressions
|
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The ____ ____ are the masses of gray matter in the cerebrum.
|
Basal Ganglia
|
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|
Two major functions of the Basal Ganglia are:
|
- Regulation of complex motor functions
- Inhibition |
|
|
The complex motor functions that the ____ ____ regulate include
|
Basal Ganglia
Posture Locomotion Balance |
|
|
The inhibitory functions of the Basal Ganglina include
|
Decrease in muscle tone
Coordination of muscle behavior between groups |
|
|
A lesion on the Basal Ganglia can result in stiffness, AKA
|
Hypertonia/Rigidity
|
|
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A lesion on the Basal Ganglia can result in a shaking movement known as
|
Resting Tremmors (shaking at rest. Stops with volitional movement)
|
|
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A lesion on the Basal Ganglia can result in a mask-face and shuffle walk AKA
|
Parkinsoniums
|
|
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A lesion on the Basal Ganglia can result in flailing movments of the body AKA
|
Bellisimus
|
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|
A lesion on the Basal Ganglia can result in impacted motor control, including
|
the motor function of speech
|
|
|
The Lobes of the Cerebrum
|
Frontal
Parietal Temporal Occipital |
|
|
Two important features of the Frontal Lobe of the ______ are
|
Cerebrum
Primary Motor Strip (located on the Precentral Gyrus) Broca's Area (Paul Broca) |
|
|
Another name for the Primary Motor Strip
|
Primary Motor Cortex
|
|
|
The Primary Motor Strip (Cortex) is part of the
|
Precentral Gyrus (of the Frotal Lobe)
|
|
|
The Primary Motor Strip provides a common motor ____ to the _____ ___.
|
Pathway
Skeletal Muscles |
|
|
The Primary Motor Strip is located in the ____ Lobe of the ______.
|
Frontal
Cerebrum (on the precentral gyrus) |
|
|
Broca's Area is located in the ____ Lobe of the _____.
|
Frontal
Cerebrum |
|
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Broca's Area is located on the Frontal Lobe in the ____ _____ ____ Gyrus
|
Left Inferior Frontal
|
|
|
The Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus of the Frontal Lobe of the Cerebrum is the location of
|
Broca's Area
|
|
|
Broca's Area is responsible for the
|
MOTOR movements of speech
|
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Is Broca's Area on both the Left and Right Hemispheres of the Frontal Lobe of the Cerebrum?
|
NO.
Only on the Left. |
|
|
Lesions on Broca's Area can lead to
|
Aphasia
|
|
|
Damage to Broca's Area can lead to
|
Apraxia
(commentary from me: not necessarily congenital, but acquired) |
|
|
When damage occurs to Broca's Area, what happens to receptive language?
|
It is often left intact (since Broca's is a motor SPEECH center, not a language center)
|
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|
Strict Product Liability:
Defenses: |
AZ will apportion fault under comparative negligence rules in strict liability and products liability actions, including Assumption of the Risk.
|
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The Primary Sensory Strip is part of the ____ Lobe of the ______.
|
Parietal
Cerebrum |
|
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"Parietal = Primary Sense"
|
Parietal Lobe of the Cerebrum contains the Primary Sensory Strip
|
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"Put your Motor in the Front"
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Frontal Lobe of the Cerebrum contains the Primary Motor Strip (Cortex)
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|
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The Primary Sensory Strip on the _____ lobe receives the sensations from the ______ side of the body
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Cerebrum (Parietal Lobe)
Opposite |
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|
The Left Angular Gyrus is located in the ____ lobe and is associated with ____ _____.
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Parietal
Written Comprehension |
|
|
Damage to this part of the Parietal Lobe can cause alexia, dyslexia and/or agraphia
|
Left Angular Gyrus
|
|
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Damage to the Left Angular Gyrus can cause problems with
|
Reading and Writing
Alexia (word blindness), Dyslexia, Agraphia (writing impairment) |
|
|
The Temporal Lobe is located in the ______.
|
Cerebrum
|
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Two important areas of the Temporal Lobe of the Cerebrum are
|
- Cortical Center for Hearing
- Wernicke's Area |
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The Cortical Center for Hearing is part of the _____ Lobe of the _______ and help us ____ and ______ sounds
|
Temporal
Cerebrum Hear Understand |
|
|
Sound passes from the outside thru the ____ ____ of the Temporal Bone to the _____ ___ ____ _____ in the Temporal Lobe.
|
Auditory Ossicles
Cortical Center for Hearing |
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|
Wernicke's Area is located in the ____ lobe of the _____ and is responsible for the integration of ____ and _____ stimuli.
|
Temporal (and part of the Parietal)
Cerebrum Auditory Visual |
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|
Wernicke's Area is implicated in the creation of ____ ____ ____.
|
Logical Spoken Language
|
|
|
Damage to Wernicke's area can result in difficulty in the _____ and ______ of _____ languge
|
Understanding
Creation Spoken |
|
|
Will a person with damage to Wernicke's Area have intelligible speech?
|
YES.
But they will have unintelligible/nonsensical LANGUAGE |
|
|
What does Wernicke's Area communicate with to help translate language ideas into spoken language?
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Broca's Area (the [presumed] motor speech center of the brain)
|
|
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How does Wernicke's Area communicate with Broca's Area
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Via the Arcuate Fasciculus (long associateion fiber)
|
|
|
The Occipital Lobe is part of the _____.
|
Cerebrum
|
|
|
This is the seat of the primary visual and visual association functions of the brain
|
The Occipital Lobe of the Cerebrum
|
|
|
The Occipital Lobe of the Cerebrum is where the _____ ____ and ____ ____ areas are located
|
Primary Vision
Visual Association |
|
|
The Hemispheres of the Cerebrum are responsible for ____ and ____ control
|
Motor
Sensory |
|
|
The Left Hemisphere of the Cerebrum is associated with
(LHMA) |
Language
Handedness Mathmatical Calculations Analytical Thought |
|
|
The Right Hemisphere of the Cerebrum is associated with
(CAM) |
Creativity
Art Music |
|
|
When one hemisphere of the cerebrum is damaged, the other side can funtion as _____.
|
Backup
|
|
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When is damage to the brain most able to be compensated for?
|
In a young child whose myelin is still forming.
|
|
|
Where is cerebrospinal fluid located?
|
In the entire Central Nervous System (brain and spinal cord)
|
|
|
What is the purpose of cerebrospinal fluid (B PEE)
|
Buoyency
Protection Excretion of waste products Endochrine System function (transports hormones) |
|
|
Cerebrospinal fluid occupies the space between the _____ mater and the ____ mater around the brain and spinal cord.
|
Arachnoid
Pia |
|
|
The in brain, there are 4 cavities called ______ that are filled with _____ ____.
|
Ventricles
Cerebrospinal Fluid |
|
|
The 4 Ventricles of the brain that contain Cerebrospinal Fluid are
|
Lateral (2)
3rd Ventricle (middle) 4th Ventrical (bottom/central) |
|
|
How many Lateral Ventricles are in the brain & what is inside?
|
Two
Cerebrospinal Fluid |
|
|
Where is the 3rd ventricle located & what does it contain?
|
Middle of the brain
Cerebrospinal Fluid |
|
|
Where is the 4th ventricle located & what does it contain?
|
Bottom/Medial portion of the brain
Cerebrospinal Fluid |
|
|
What produces 40-50% of the Cerebrospinal Fluid in the body
|
Choroid Plexus
|
|
|
The Choriod Plexus is found in the ____ of the _____ where the ____ mater of the meninges meets with the _____.
|
Ventricles
Brain Pia Ventricles |
|
|
A buildup of fluid in the ventricles of the brain is called
|
Hydrocephalus
|
|
|
How is a hydrocephalic brain drained of excess fluid?
|
A shunt to the jugular
|
|
|
The cortex of the cerebrum and cerebellum is made of
|
Gray Matter
|
|
|
___ _____ of the cerebrum and cerebellum is deep to Gray Matter
|
White Matter
|
|
|
What gives the brain its pinkish color
|
Pia Mater (highly vascular)
|
|
|
Lesions to the Basal Ganglia can result in a condition of slow, involuntary movements, especially of the fingers and writsts known as
|
Athetosis
|
|
|
Chorea is caused by lesions in the ____ ____ and is characterized by ____, ______ movements
|
Basal Ganglia
Sudden Purposeless |
|
|
Hembiallismus is caused by lesions to the _____ ____ and cause movements on
|
Basal Ganglia
One side of the body |
|
|
These form the Myelin in the CNS
|
Oligodendrocytes
|
|
|
These form Myelin in the PNS
|
Schwann Cells
|
|
|
How big is a synaptic cleft?
|
.01 microns
|
