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194 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Two features of the vocal signature
|
Pitch & Resonance
|
|
The larynx connects to the _____ superioraly and the _____ inferioraly.
|
Pharynx & Trachea
|
|
The larynx is made of these things
|
- Base cartilages & the cartilages that sit on top
- Covering of muscles and membranes |
|
The structure of the larynx is ______ among people
|
Consistent
|
|
Framework of the Larynx
(H E T C A C C) |
- Hyoid Bone
- Epiglottis - Thyroid Cartilage - Cricoid Cartliage - Arytenoids - Corniculate Cartilages - Cuneiform Cartilages - Trachea (inferior connection) |
|
Thyroid make up
|
Quadrilateral plates (aka: thyriod lamena)
- Lateral edge: superior cornu and inferior cornu - Thyroid notch: upper central junction of 2 plates - Thyroid promiance: at the base of the notch. protects anterior larynx (aka: adam's apple) |
|
___ - ____ sit behind the thyroid cartilage
|
C4-C-6
|
|
The _____ ______ of the thryoid cartilage points up toward hyoid bone
|
Superior Cornu
|
|
The ____ ____ of the thyroid cartilage projects inferioraly and articulates with the cricoid cartilage.
|
Inferior Cornu
|
|
The shape and position of the cricoid cartilage
|
Shape: signet ring: narrow and low in front and thick in the back
Position: between the thyroid cartilage and the trachea |
|
Posterior, thicker part of the cricoid cartliage
|
Lamina
|
|
Anterior, thinner part of the cricoid cartilage
|
Arch
|
|
These rest on top of the cricoid cartilages
|
Aryteniods
|
|
_____ seals the space between the thyroid & cricoid cartilages in the anterior
|
Cricothyroid ligament
|
|
Shape and parts of the Hyoid Bone
|
- U shaped bone at C3
- Corpus: anterior body - Greater horns extend posterioraly and horizonally - Lesser horns: cone shaped superior projections on the corpus |
|
The Hyoid Bone attaches to ___ pairs of muscles
|
Nine
|
|
Also known as the "central station" of the Larynx
|
Hyoid Bone
|
|
This forms the base of the tongue and does not attach to any other bones in the body
|
Hyoid Bone
|
|
The Hyoid Bone has a ___ level of mobility
|
High
|
|
Is the Epiglottis paired?
|
No
|
|
Epiglottis shape
|
Large, Leaf
|
|
The stem of the Epiglottis that attaches to the inner front surface of the thyroid cartilage just inferior to the thyroid notch
|
Petiolus
|
|
_____ keep objects from entering the lungs by contracting the aryepiglottic folds
|
Epiglottis
|
|
The ____ is one of the main infulences on voice resonance
|
Epiglottis
|
|
These sit on the lamina (posterior of the cricoid cartilages)
|
Arytenoids
|
|
The _____ sit superior to the arytenoids
|
Corniculate Cartliages
|
|
The two processes of the arytenoids and their positions
|
- Muscular processes: lateral projections
- Vocal processes: anterior projections |
|
Connection points of the vocal ligaments
|
The tip of the vocal processes of the arytenoids to the macula flava anterior & medial fibers of vocal muscles.
Project forward towad the larynx. |
|
Postition of the vocal ligaments in relation to the ventricular ligaments
|
Medial and Inferior
|
|
Position of the ventricular ligaments relative to the vocal ligaments
|
Lateral and Superior
|
|
Connection points of the ventricular ligaments
|
The muscular processes of the arytenoids to the macula flava anterior.
Project forward towad the larynx. |
|
Position and function of the corniculate cartilages
|
- superior extensions of the arytenoids
- provide support for the aryepiglottic fold |
|
Shape and position of the cuneiform cartilages
|
- small, rod-shaped
- embedded in aryepiglottic fold - anterior to corniculate cartilages |
|
Possible function of cuneiform cartilages
|
Reinforcement of aryepiglottic folds
(they are often absent) |
|
What is the function of the joints and ligaments of the larynx?
|
Connect cartilages to one another
|
|
Two features of the vocal signature
|
Pitch & Resonance
|
|
The larynx connects to the _____ superioraly and the _____ inferioraly.
|
Pharynx & Trachea
|
|
The larynx is made of these things
|
- Base cartilages & the cartilages that sit on top
- Covering of muscles and membranes |
|
The structure of the larynx is ______ among people
|
Consistent
(note: the lecture says this, though the text contradicts it...) |
|
Framework of the Larynx
(H E T C A C C) |
- Hyoid Bone
- Epiglottis - Thyroid Cartilage - Cricoid Cartliage - Arytenoids - Corniculate Cartilages - Cuneiform Cartilages - Trachea (inferior connection) |
|
Two main joints of the Larynx
|
- Cricoarytenoid Joint (paired)
- Crocothyroid Joint (paired) |
|
Two ligaments of the Cricoarytenoid Joint
|
- Posterior Crocoarytenoid Ligament
- Anterior Cricoarytenoid Ligament (often absent) |
|
The cricoarytenoid joint is a ____ joint that allows ___ and ___ motions.
|
- Saddle
- Rocking & Gliding |
|
Points of contact in the cricoarytenoid joint
|
- Lateral and superior borders of the cricoid lamena
- Base of the arytenoid |
|
Position and features of the arytenoid articular facet
|
- Concave base of the arytenoid that sits UNDER the surface of the muscular process.
|
|
Posterior Cricoarytenoid Ligament points of attachment and function
|
- From posterior surface of cricoid lamena to base of the posterior surface of the arytenoid.
- Restricts forward movement of the arytenoids into the front part of the larynx |
|
Anterior Cricoarytenoid Ligament points of attachment and function
|
- From cricoid cartilage to the anterolateral base of the arytenoid.
- May restrict backward movement of the arytenoid - OFTEN ABSENT |
|
Cricothyroid Joint points of articulation
|
- Meeting of the cricoid and thyroid cartilages
- Inferior cornu of thyroid articulates with facets on the LATERAL walls of the cricoid - Articular facets can be flat, convex or concave |
|
At the cricothyroid joint, the inferior cornu of the thryroid cartilage attaches to the cricoid via ____ and ____.
|
Membranes & Ligaments
|
|
The cricothyroid joint is lined with ____ ____ and bound with _____ ____.
|
Synovial membrane (which lubricates) &
Capsular ligaments |
|
The movement of the cricothyroid joint can be described as...
|
a dumping bucket - thyroid cartilage rocks forward (superioraly) and posterior (inferioraly)
|
|
This part of the thryoid cartilage does NOT move when the cricothyroid joint articulates
|
Inferior cornu
|
|
These parts of the thryoid cartilage DO move when the cricothyroid joint articulates
|
- Superior cornu moves forward
- Thyroid notch moves out & down |
|
The cricothyroid joint is joined and enclosed by:
|
Posterior, lateral and anterior CERATOCRICOID ligaments
|
|
The general function of the muscles of the larynx is to
|
- Control how the framework words
- Funnel air into oral/nasal cavities - Control valves and sphincters |
|
The 3 valves of the larynx
|
- Epiglottic valve
- Ventricular fold valve - Vocal fold valve |
|
The 2 types of muscles in the larynx
|
Intrinsic and Extrinsic
|
|
The 3 groups on intrinsic muscles of the larynx
|
- Tensor
- Adductor - Abductor |
|
The 3 types of Tensor (intrinsic) muscles of the larynx<BR>(Ct Ta Te)
|
ALL PAIRED<BR>- Cricothyroid Muscle<BR>- Thyroarytenoid Muscle<BR>- Thyroepiglottic Muscle
|
|
Position and function of intrinsic muscles
|
- Form walls inside and partially outside larynx
- Control valves - Control PITCH of speech |
|
The cricothyroid muscle has ____ and _____ sections
|
Vertical & oblique
|
|
Movement of cricoid and thyroid cartilages enabled by cricothyroid muscle:
|
- Pulls cricoid back & up
- Pulls thyroid lamina forward & down (MAIN FUNTION) and enables cricothyroid joint to function |
|
The cricothyroid muscle is innervated by the _____ ____ ____.
|
10th Cranial Nerve
|
|
Impact of the cricothyroid muscle on the vocal folds
|
Increases their length and tightens them.
|
|
What doesn't function in a case of unilateral vocal fold paralysis
|
The oblique portion of the cricothyroid muscle does not function.
|
|
Intrinsic tensor muscle that connects the thyroid and aryteniod cartilages
|
Thyroarytenoid muscle(s)
|
|
This muscle runs ____ to the glottis and is the primary mass of the ____ _____.
|
Thyroarytenoid muscle
- parallel - vocal folds |
|
This muscle attaches to the vocal ligament and inserts on the vocal processes of the arytenoids
|
Thyroarytenoid muscle
|
|
The two parts of the thyroarytenoid muscle are the:
|
Ventricularis and Vocalis
|
|
The ventricularis runs ____ and ____ to the vocalis muscle
|
Superior
Lateral |
|
Another name for the ventricularis is the
|
External Thyroarytenoid Muscle (or vestiblular folds or false vocal folds)
|
|
Ventricularis
O I A |
Origin: lateral border of arytenoids
Inserion: lateral margin of the epiglottis (also attaches to teh ventricular ligament) Action: affects ventricular folds |
|
The larger segment of the thyroarytenoid muscle consisting of fibers within the ventricular fold
|
Ventricularis
|
|
Another name for the vocalis muscle is
|
Internal Thyroarytenoid Muslce
|
|
The vocalis runs parallel to the ____ ___ and _____.
|
Vocal Ligament
Glottis |
|
The "true vocal folds"
|
Vocalis
|
|
The vocalis runs ____ and ___ to the ventricularis
|
Inferior
Medial |
|
Vocalis
O I A |
Origin: macula flava anterior
Insetion: vocal processes of the arytenoids Action: affects vocal folds |
|
5 Layer Description of the covering of the vocalis muscle
(E Lp S I D V) |
- Epithelium: mucosa & squmous epithelial tissue
- Lamina Propira - superficial extracellular geletin matrix -intermidaite elastin - deep collegen fibers - vocalis muscle |
|
3 Layer Description of the covering of the vocalis muscle
(C T B) |
- Cover: epithelium & superficial layer of lamina propria
- Transition: intermediat and deep layers of lamina propria - Body: vocalis muscle |
|
Round protrusion in the posterior part of the aryepiglottic fold
|
Corniculate tubercle
|
|
Round protusion in the posterior of the aryepglottic fold that sits lateral and superior to the other protrusion
|
Cuneiform tubercle
|
|
Intrinsic Tensor Muscle that runs from the deep portion of the lamina of the thyroid cartilage UP to the aryepiglottic fold
|
Thyroepiglottic Muscle(s)
|
|
This is the sphincter muscle of the ADITUS
|
Thyroepiglottic Muscle
|
|
Definition of ADITUS
|
Opening in the top of the larynx above the vocal folds
|
|
The thryoarytenoid muscle attaches to the thyroid cartilage in a deep position ____ to the thyroepiglotticus muscle.
|
Inferior
|
|
This muscle acts as a sphincter, both widening and constricting the inlet into the larynx
|
Thyroepiglotticus Muscle
|
|
Name the 3 Intrinsic Adductor Muscles & their function
(Lca Ta Oa) |
- Lateral Cricoarytenoid Muscles
- Transverse Arytenoid (NOT paired) Muscle - Oblique Arytenoid Mucles Function: bring vocal folds together |
|
Lateral Cricoarytenoid Muscle
O I A |
Origin: lateral borders of the cricoid cartilages
Insertion: muscular processes at the outside corners of each arytenoid Action: adduct arytenoids & squeeze anterior tips of vocal processes and vocal ligament tightly together |
|
What happens to the muscluar and vocal processes of the arytenoids when the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle contracts?
|
The muscular processes are pulled FORWARD and the vocal processes are pulled BACKWARD, bringing the vocal folds together & closing the glottis.
|
|
Transverse Arytenoid Muscle
O I A |
NOT PAIRED
Origin: lateral margin & posterior surface of one arytenoid Insertion: same location on other arytenoid (runs horizontally) Action: pull medial edges of arytenoids together from BOTTOM to TOP |
|
What muscle creates a heart/pear shaped opening in the epiglottis?
|
Oblique Arytenoid Muscle (X)
|
|
Oblique Arytenoid Muscle
O I A |
Origin: Muscluar process of one arytenoid
Insertion: Apex of the other arytenoid Action: pull upper tips of the arytenoids together |
|
The function of the posterior cricoaryteniod muscle
|
Pull apart the vocal folds
|
|
The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is an _____ _____ muscle.
|
Intrinsic
Abductor |
|
Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle
O I A |
Origin: back wall of the cricoid
Insertion: muscular process of the arytenoid Action: pull vocal folds apart by pulling muscular process back by rocking & gliding arytenoids apart |
|
Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle
O I A |
Origin: back wall of the cricoid
Insertion: muscular process of the arytenoid Action: pull vocal folds apart by pulling muscular process back by rocking & gliding arytenoids apart |
|
When a membrane thickens, it is refere to as a ______.
|
Ligament
|
|
Membranes make up the ____ and ____ surfaces of the larynx.
|
Inner (Intrinsic)
Outer (Extrinsic) |
|
List the Extrinsic Membranes/Ligaments of the larynx.
Ht He Ct |
- Hyothyroid Membrane (and Ligament)
- Hyoepiglottic ligament (UNPAIRED) - Cricotracheal Membrane |
|
What fills the space between the hyoid bone and the superior border of the thyroid?
|
Hyothyroid Membrane (and Ligaments)
|
|
Which two ligaments are part of the Hyothyroid Membrane & where are they situated?
|
- Median Hyothyroid Ligament: where membrane thickens medially
- Lateral Hyothyroid Ligament: between the superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage and the greater horns of the hyoid bone |
|
____ ____ are embedded in the lateral hyothyroid ligaments
|
Triticial Cartilages
|
|
The only UNPAIRED extrinsic ligament (that is not part of the hyothyroid membrane)
|
Hyoepiglottic Ligament
|
|
The Hyoepiglottic Ligament extends from the anterior surface of the epglottis at the ____ to the ___ ___ of the body of the hyoid bone.
|
Midline<BR>Upper Border
|
|
This extrinsic membrane fills the space between the cricoid cartilage and the trachea
|
Criotracheal Membrane
|
|
The Cricotracheal Membrane connects the __ ____ of the cricoid cartilage with the ___ ___ of the ____ tracheal ring.
|
Lower Border
Upper Border 1st |
|
The Intrinsic Membrane of the Larynx is broken down into 2 parts:
|
Conus Elasticus/Cricovocal Membrane (lower)
Quadrangular Membrane (upper) |
|
The Conus Elasticus runs from the ____ to the ____ ____.
|
Cricoid Cartilage
Vocal Folds |
|
As the Conus Elastics moves toward the midline and thickens, it becomes the
|
Medial Cricothyroid ligament
|
|
This intrinsic membrane creates the V shaped opening of the glottis
|
Conus Elasticus
|
|
The Conus Elasticus connects the ___, ____ and ____ cartilages to one another
|
Thyroid
Cricoid Arytenoid |
|
The two sections of the conus elasticus/cricovocal membrane are
|
Median (anterior) Cricothyroid Ligament
Lateral Crocothyroid Membranes (2) |
|
The Median Cricothyroid Ligament is a ____ band of ____ ___.
|
Yellow
Elastic Tissue |
|
The Median Cricothyroid ligament attaches the superior border of the cricoid at the ____ to the inferior border of of the thyroid cartilage at the ____.
|
Arch
Angle |
|
There are ____ lateral cricothyroid membranes on each side of the cricothyroid ligament
|
Two
|
|
The lateral cricothyroid membranes originate from the ___ ___ of the cricoid cartilage
|
Superior Border
|
|
These thicken to become the vocal ligaments
|
The Lateral Cricothyroid Membranes
|
|
The vocal ligament runs from the ____ ____ of the arytenoids to the ____ of the ____ cartilage.
|
Vocal Processes
Angle Thyroid Cartilage |
|
Full trajectory of the conus elasticus:
|
superio border of arch & lamina of cricoid to the upper limits of the vocal folds (as the vocal ligament)
|
|
The upper part of the the intrinsic membrane of the larynx is
|
The Quadrangular Membrane
|
|
The Quadrangular Membrane sits above the __ and ____ ligaments
|
Vocal
Ventricular |
|
The Quadragular membrane arises from the lateral margins of the ____ and adjacent _____ cartilage near the ____.
|
Epiglottis
Thyroid Angle |
|
The Quadrangular membrane attaches in the anterior to the lateral margins of the _____ and the _____ ____ near the angle. It runs posterioraly downward to attach to the ____ and _____ cartilages.
|
Epiglottis<BR>
Thyroid Cartliage<BR>Corniculate<BR>Arytenoids |
|
The Quadrangular membrane becomes the _____ ___ inferiorally.
|
Ventricular Ligament
|
|
The superior edge of the Quadrangular membrane becomes the _____ ___.
|
Aryepiglottic Folds
|
|
The Aryepiglottic Folds run superioraly from the _____ to the _____.
|
Arytenoids
Epiglottis |
|
_____ ____ line the intrinsic membranes of the larynx from the trachea-up.
|
Mucous Membranes
|
|
The cells of the mucous membranes of the larynx are ___ in shape and have ____ that beat upward toward the ____ EXCEPT at the margins of the ____ ____.
|
Columnar
Cilia Pharynx Vocal Folds |
|
At the level of the vocal folds, mucous membranes are replaced by ___ ____ ___.
|
Squamous Epithelial Tissue
|
|
Vocal fold tissue is ____ in color.
|
White (due to lack of blood supply)
|
|
Vocal fold tissue is ____ and ____ bound
|
Multilayered
Tightly |
|
Ventricular folds are ___ in color and ____.
|
Pink
Plump |
|
Ventricular folds are made of ___ folds of ___ ____.
|
Thick
Mucous Membrane |
|
The 3 divisions of the Laryngeal Cavity
|
- Laryngeal Vestibule
- Larygeal Ventricle - Inferior Laryngeal Ventricle |
|
Inferior and Superior limits of the laryngeal vestibule
|
Inferior: Ventricular Folds
Superior: ADITUS (opening to the oral/nasal cavities) |
|
Anterior, Lateral and Posterior limits of the laryngeal vestibule
|
Anterior: Epiglottis
Lateral: Aryepiglottic Folds Posterior: Upper portion of the arytenoids |
|
Superior and Inferior borders of the Laryngeal Ventricle
|
Superior: Ventricle Folds
Inferior: Vocal Folds |
|
Lateral and Posterior borders of the Laryngeal Ventricle
|
Lateral: inner wall of the thyroarytenoid muscle
Posterior: arytenoids Anterior: no border |
|
Superior and Inferior borders of the Inferior Laryngeal Ventricle
|
Superior: Vocal Folds
Inferior: Trachea |
|
The 3 sphinceters of the larynx from superior to inferior
|
Aryepiglottic Sphincter
Ventricular Sphincter True Vocal Fold Sphincter |
|
This sphincter of the larynx can operate independently of the other two
|
True Vocal Fold Sphincter
|
|
This sphincter is the 1st line of defense against foreign objects
|
Aryepiglottic Sphincter
|
|
This is also known as the upper sphincter of the larynx
|
Aryepiglottic Sphincter
|
|
The ____ ____ closes during swallowing and vomiting.
|
Aryepiglottic Sphincter
|
|
The ___ ____ sits between the laryngeal vestibule and laryngeal ventricle.
|
Ventricular Sphincter
|
|
The ventricular folds remain in an ____ ____ ___ during normal phonation
|
Open Quiet Position
|
|
When ventricular muscles contract, they meet at the ____ and seal the ____ ____.
|
Midline
Ventricular Sphincter |
|
Closing the ventricular sphincter increases subglottic ___ ___.
|
Air Pressure
|
|
The ___ ___ ___ always adduct before the ventricular sphincter closes.
|
True Vocal Folds
|
|
"The 3rd line of defense"
|
The True Vocal Fold Sphincter
|
|
This spincter is ineffective in preventing outflow of air during effort closure
|
True Vocal Fold Sphincter
|
|
The ___ ___ ___ Sphincter opens & closes rapidly as we phonate.
|
True Vocal Fold Sphincter
|
|
These must close during swallowing
|
All 3 sphincters - aryepiglottic, ventricular & true vocal fold
|
|
The two types of Extrinsic Muscles of the Larynx are
|
Elevators
Depressors |
|
The Extrinsic Elevators of the Larynx are broken up into 2 groups:
|
Principle
Supplemental |
|
The 4 pairs of Priciple Elevators of the Larynx<BR>(D Mh Gh Sh)
|
Digrasticus<BR>Mylohyoideus<BR>Genihyoideus<BR>Stylohyoideus
|
|
Digastricus connection points and shape.
|
From mandible in the anterior to the mastoid process in the posterior, connecting the the hyoid in the middle.
"V" shaped |
|
Digastricus connects to the Hyoid Bone via the ____ ___.
|
Intermediate Tendon
|
|
The 2 "bellies" of the Digastricus muscle are
|
Anterior
Posterior |
|
The anterior belly of the digastricus muscle pulls the hyoid ___ and _____.
|
Up & Forward
|
|
The posterior belly of the digastricus muscle pulls the hyoid ___ and ___.
|
Up & Backward
|
|
Working together, the 2 bellies of the digastricus muscle pull the hyoid bone ___ ___.
|
Straight Up
|
|
The _____ makes up the floor of the oral cavity
|
Mylohyoideus
|
|
The mylohyoideus raises the ___ __ and _____ or pulls the mandible ____.
|
hyoid bone
tongue down |
|
____ ____ is the tendenous midline strip that connects the muscle pair and supports the tongue
|
Mylohyoid raphe
|
|
This extrinsic elevator muscle is innervated by the 5th crainial nerve
|
Mylohyoideus
|
|
This extrinsic elevator muscle runs from the inferior mental spine of the mandible to the upper 1/2 of the hyoid bone
|
Genihyoideus
|
|
The Genihyoideus pulls the hyoid __ and __ and pulls tongue ___ to elevate larynx
|
Forward
Up Forward |
|
The Stylohyoideus is ___ and ____ to the posteior belly of the digastricus.
|
Superior
Ventral (in front) |
|
The extrinsic elevators raise the ___ ___ which raises the ____.
|
Hyoid Bone
Larynx |
|
The 3 supplemental extrinsic elevator muscles of the larynx are: (Th Hg Gg)
|
Thyrohyoideus<BR>Hyoglosis<BR>Genioglossis
|
|
The Thyrohyoideus is a secondary extrinsic elevator muscle that connects the ___ ___ to the ___ ___ of the hyoid.
|
Thyroid Cartilage
Greater Horn |
|
The Thyrohyoideus muscle shortens the distance between the ___ and the _____
|
Hyoid
Larynx |
|
This is a large muscle aka "THE muscle of the tongue"
|
Hyoglossus
|
|
The Hyoglossus runs from the ___ ___ of the hyoid to the ____ ___.
|
Greater Horn
Tongue Tip and other tongue muscles |
|
This muscle forms most of the CORE of the tongue.
|
Genioglossus
|
|
Another name for the "V" Shape of of digastricus
|
The Digastric Triangle
|
|
The 3 pairs of Extrinsic Depressor Muscles of the Larynx
(St Sh Oh) |
Sternothyroideus
Sternohyoideus Omohyoideus |
|
Another name for the Extrinsic Depressor Muscles
|
Strap Muscles
|
|
The Sternothyroideus runs from the medial posterior of the _____ to the ____ of the thyroid cartilage
|
Manubrium
Lamina |
|
The Sternothyroideus muscle ____ the larynx
|
Depresses
|
|
Vocal functions of the sternothyroideus muscle include producing ___ and ___ pitches and making ____ vocal adjustments
|
High
Low Fine |
|
Sternohyodius runs from the ____ ___ of the manubrium to the ____ border of the hyoid bone
|
Lateral Posterior
Inferior |
|
When the sternohyoidus contracts, it draws the hyoid ___ to ____ the larynx
|
Down
Depress |
|
The 2 bellies of the Omohyoideus are
|
Anterior
Posterior |
|
The posterior belly of the Omohyoideus attaches to the ____ and the anterior belly attaches to the ____ ____ of the hyoid.
|
Scapula
Lower Body |
|
The Omohyoideus muscle runs BEHIND the
|
Sternocleidomastoid
|
|
The function of the Omohyoideus muscle is to
|
Depress the Larynx
|
|
The function of the Suspensory System is to
|
Suspend the larynx in the throat anterior to the vertebrae
|
|
The main ligament of the suspensory system is the
|
Stylohyoid Ligament
|
|
The Stylohyoid Ligaments suspend the _____ ___ to the ____ of the ____.
|
Hyoid Bone
Base of the Skull |
|
Other ligaments and membranes suspend the
Hyoid to _____ ______ to cricoid Cricoid to ___ ___ ___. |
Thyroid
Thyroid Upper tracheal ring |
|
Order of Attachement from superior to inferior on thyroid lamena
( E V V Te Ta) |
- Epiglottis
- False Vocal Cord (ventricular ligament) - True Vocal Cord (vocalis ligament) - Thyroepiglotticus - Thyroaryentoideus |