Medical Combining Forms

Front 1

abdomin/o

Back 1

abdomen

Front 2

acetabul/o

Back 2

acetabulum (concave surface of pelvis)

Front 3

acid/o

Back 3

sour; bitter

Front 4

acous/o

Back 4

hearing

Front 5

acr/o

Back 5

extremity

Front 6

aden/o

Back 6

gland

Front 7

adip/o

Back 7

pertaining to fat

Front 8

adren/o or adrenal/o

Back 8

adrenal glands (suprarenal glands-on top of kidneys, release hormones in response to stress)

Front 9

agglutin/o

Back 9

to clump

Front 10

albin/o

Back 10

white

Front 11

albumin/o

Back 11

albumin; protein

Front 12

alges/o

Back 12

pain

Front 13

alveol/o

Back 13

alveolus (air cell of lung)

Front 14

ambly/o

Back 14

dull, dim

Front 15

amni/o

Back 15

amnion (1 of 2 membranes that surround/contain fetus and amniotic fluid)

Front 16

amyl/o

Back 16

starch

Front 17

an/o

Back 17

anus

Front 18

andr/o

Back 18

man; male; masculine

Front 19

aneurysm/o

Back 19

aneurysm-localIzed dilation of an artery formed at weak point in vessel wall.

Front 20

angi/o

Back 20

vessel

Front 21

anis/o

Back 21

unequal

Front 22

ankyl/o

Back 22

stiff

Front 23

anter/o

Back 23

front

Front 24

anthrac/o

Back 24

coal

Front 25

aort/o

Back 25

aorta-largest artery in body.

Front 26

append/o or appendic/o

Back 26

appendix

Front 27

aque/o

Back 27

watery

Front 28

arrhythm/o

Back 28

rhythm

Front 29

arter/o or arteri/o

Back 29

artery

Front 30

arteriol/o

Back 30

arteriole-small diameter blood vessel in the microcirculation that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries.

Front 31

arthr/o or articul/o

Back 31

joint

Front 32

astr/o

Back 32

star-shaped

Front 33

ather/o

Back 33

fatty

Front 34

audi/o

Back 34

hearing

Front 35

aur/o or auricul/o

Back 35

ear

Front 36

azot/o

Back 36

nitrogen

Front 37

bacteri/o

Back 37

bacteria

Front 38

balanc/o

Back 38

glans penis; glans clitoridis

Front 39

bar/o

Back 39

pressure

Front 40

bas/o

Back 40

base

Front 41

bil/l

Back 41

bile

Front 42

blast/o

Back 42

embryonic stage of development/immature

Front 43

blephar/o

Back 43

eyelid

Front 44

bronch/o or bronchiol/o

Back 44

bronchus; passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs

Front 45

bucc/o

Back 45

cheek

Front 46

burs/o

Back 46

bursa-small fluid-filled sac lined by synovial membrane with an inner capillary layer of viscous fluid, provides cushion between bones and tendons and/or muscles around a joint

Front 47

calc/i or calc/o

Back 47

calcium

Front 48

calcane/o

Back 48

heel bone

Front 49

cali/o or calic/o

Back 49

calyx; calyces-cuplike areas or structures

Front 50

capit/o

Back 50

head

Front 51

carcin/o

Back 51

cancer

Front 52

card/o or cardi/o

Back 52

heart

Front 53

carp/o

Back 53

wrist

Front 54

caud/o

Back 54

tail

Front 55

caus/o or caut/o

Back 55

burn

Front 56

cec/o

Back 56

cecum-beginning of large intestine

Front 57

celi/o

Back 57

pertaining to the abdomen

Front 58

cephal/o

Back 58

head

Front 59

cerebell/o

Back 59

cerebellum-smaller region in the lower part of the brain.

Front 60

cerebr/o

Back 60

brain; cerebullem-smaller region in the lower part of the brain.

Front 61

cervic/o

Back 61

neck or cervix

Front 62

cheil/o

Back 62

lips

Front 63

chem/o

Back 63

chemical reaction

Front 64

chlor/o

Back 64

green

Front 65

chol/e

Back 65

bile

Front 66

cholecyst/o

Back 66

gallbladder

Front 67

chord/o

Back 67

string; cord

Front 68

chrom/o or chromat/o

Back 68

color

Front 69

chrondr/i

Back 69

cartilage

Front 70

chirrh/o

Back 70

yellow; tawny

Front 71

clavicul/o

Back 71

collarbone

Front 72

coagul/o

Back 72

clotting

Front 73

coccyg/o

Back 73

coccyx-tailbone

Front 74

col/o or colon/o

Back 74

colon

Front 75

colp/o or kolp/o

Back 75

vagina

Front 76

conjunctiv/o

Back 76

conjunctiva-non-keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium with goblet cells, and also stratified columnar epithelium that lines the inside of the eyelids

Front 77

cor/o

Back 77

pupil

Front 78

corne/o

Back 78

cornea

Front 79

coron/o

Back 79

heart

Front 80

corpor/o

Back 80

body

Front 81

cortic/o

Back 81

cortex-the outermost or superficial layer of an organ

Front 82

cost/o

Back 82

ribs

Front 83

crani/o

Back 83

skull; cranium

Front 84

crin/o

Back 84

secrete

Front 85

crur/o

Back 85

leg; thigh

Front 86

cry/o

Back 86

cold

Front 87

crypt/o

Back 87

hidden

Front 88

culd/o

Back 88

cul-de-sac

Front 89

cutane/o

Back 89

skin

Front 90

cyan/o

Back 90

blue

Front 91

cycl/o

Back 91

circular; ciliary body

Front 92

cyst/o

Back 92

bladder; sac; cyst

Front 93

cyt/o

Back 93

cell

Front 94

dacry/o

Back 94

tears

Front 95

dacryocyst/o

Back 95

tear sac

Front 96

dendr/o

Back 96

tree; branches

Front 97

dent/o

Back 97

tooth

Front 98

derm/o or dermat/o

Back 98

skin

Front 99

dipl/o

Back 99

double

Front 100

dips/o

Back 100

thirst

Front 101

dist/o

Back 101

away from

Front 102

dors/i or dors/o

Back 102

back

Front 103

drom/o

Back 103

running

Front 104

duoden/o

Back 104

duodenum-1st section of small intestine

Front 105

dur/o

Back 105

dura mater- thick membrane that is the outermost that surrounds the brain and spinal cord

Front 106

ect/o

Back 106

out of place

Front 107

electr/o

Back 107

electrical; electricity

Front 108

embol/i

Back 108

to throw

Front 109

encephal/o

Back 109

brain

Front 110

enter/o

Back 110

intestine

Front 111

eosin/o

Back 111

red; rosy

Front 112

epididym/o

Back 112

epididymis-single, narrow, tightly-coiled tube connecting the efferent ducts from the rear of each testicle to its vas deferens

Front 113

epiglott/o

Back 113

epiglottis-small cartilage flap that covers larynx so no food goes down.

Front 114

episi/o

Back 114

vulva

Front 115

erythr/o

Back 115

red

Front 116

es/o

Back 116

within

Front 117

esophag/o

Back 117

esophagus-collapsible muscular tube that goes through diaphragm and abdominal cavity to stomach

Front 118

esthesi/o

Back 118

feeling; sensation

Front 119

ex/o

Back 119

outward

Front 120

fasci/o

Back 120

band of fibrous tissue

Front 121

femor/o

Back 121

femur-thigh bone

Front 122

fet/o

Back 122

fetus

Front 123

fibr/o

Back 123

fiber

Front 124

fibul/o

Back 124

fibula-calf bone

Front 125

fluor/o

Back 125

luminous

Front 126

fung/o

Back 126

fungus

Front 127

ganglion/o

Back 127

ganglion-nerve cell cluster

Front 128

gastr/o

Back 128

stomach

Front 129

gen/o

Back 129

to produce

Front 130

gingiv/o

Back 130

gums

Front 131

glauc/o

Back 131

gray; silver

Front 132

gli/o

Back 132

neuroglia-supporting tissue of nervous system; gluey substance

Front 133

glomerul/o

Back 133

glomerulus- ball shaped collection of very tiny coiled and intertwined capillaries in kidney cortex

Front 134

gloss/o

Back 134

tongue

Front 135

gluc/o or glyc/o

Back 135

sugar; sweet

Front 136

gnos/o

Back 136

to know

Front 137

gonad/o

Back 137

sex glands

Front 138

granul/o

Back 138

granules

Front 139

graph/o

Back 139

record

Front 140

gravid/o

Back 140

pregnancy

Front 141

gynec/o

Back 141

woman

Front 142

hem/o or hemat/o

Back 142

blood

Front 143

hepat/o

Back 143

liver

Front 144

hidr/o

Back 144

sweat

Front 145

hist/o

Back 145

tissue

Front 146

humer/o

Back 146

humerus-longest bone in arm

Front 147

hydr/o

Back 147

water

Front 148

hyster/o

Back 148

uterus

Front 149

iatr/o

Back 149

pertaining to a physician or treatment

Front 150

ichthy/o

Back 150

fish-like; scaly

Front 151

ile/o

Back 151

ileum-final section of small intestine

Front 152

ili/o

Back 152

ilium-final section of small intestine or a bone in pelvis

Front 153

immun/o

Back 153

immune; protection

Front 154

inguin/o

Back 154

groin

Front 155

ir/o or irid/o

Back 155

iris

Front 156

is/o

Back 156

equal

Front 157

ischi/o

Back 157

ischium-lower and back part of the hip bone

Front 158

jejun/o

Back 158

jejunum-middle part of small intestine

Front 159

kal/i

Back 159

potassium

Front 160

kary/o

Back 160

nucleus

Front 161

kel/o

Back 161

fibrous growth

Front 162

kerat/o

Back 162

cornea of the eye

Front 163

kerat/o

Back 163

hard; horny

Front 164

ket/o

Back 164

ketone bodies-three water-soluble molecules that are produced by the liver from fatty acids for energy instead of glucose

Front 165

kinesi/o

Back 165

movement

Front 166

kyph/o

Back 166

humpback; pertaining to hump

Front 167

labyrinth/o

Back 167

inner ear

Front 168

lacrim/o

Back 168

tears

Front 169

lact/o

Back 169

milk

Front 170

lamin/o

Back 170

lamina-thin sheet of material

Front 171

lapar/o

Back 171

abdominal wall

Front 172

laryng/o

Back 172

larynx-voice box

Front 173

later/o

Back 173

side

Front 174

lei/o

Back 174

smooth

Front 175

leiomy/o

Back 175

smooth muscle

Front 176

leuk/o

Back 176

white

Front 177

ligament/o

Back 177

ligament-connective tissue bands that join bone to bone

Front 178

lingu/o

Back 178

tongue

Front 179

lip/o

Back 179

fat

Front 180

lith/o

Back 180

stone; calculus

Front 181

lord/o

Back 181

swayback

Front 182

lumb/o

Back 182

loins; lower back

Front 183

lymph/o

Back 183

lymph

Front 184

lymphaden/o

Back 184

lymph gland

Front 185

lys/o

Back 185

breakdown

Front 186

macr/o

Back 186

large

Front 187

malac/o

Back 187

softening

Front 188

mamm/o

Back 188

breast

Front 189

mandibul/o

Back 189

mandible-jaw bone

Front 190

mast/o

Back 190

breast

Front 191

mastoid/o

Back 191

mastoid process-middle ear

Front 192

maxill/o

Back 192

upper jaw

Front 193

meat/o

Back 193

meatus-opening or tunnel through any part of the body

Front 194

medi/o

Back 194

middle

Front 195

megal/o

Back 195

enlarged

Front 196

melan/o

Back 196

black

Front 197

men/o

Back 197

menstruation

Front 198

mening/o

Back 198

meninges-3layers of membrane around brain and spinal cord

Front 199

ment/o

Back 199

mind

Front 200

metacarp/o

Back 200

hand bones

Front 201

metatars/o

Back 201

foot bones

Front 202

metr/o

Back 202

measure

Front 203

metr/o or metri/o

Back 203

uterus

Front 204

mi/o or mei/o

Back 204

smaller

Front 205

micr/o

Back 205

small

Front 206

mon/o

Back 206

one; single

Front 207

morph/o

Back 207

form; shape

Front 208

muc/o

Back 208

mucus

Front 209

muscul/o or my/o

Back 209

muscle

Front 210

myc/o

Back 210

fungus

Front 211

mydr/o

Back 211

widen

Front 212

myel/o

Back 212

spinal cord; bone marrow

Front 213

myring/o

Back 213

eardrum

Front 214

myx/o

Back 214

relating to mucus

Front 215

narc/o

Back 215

sleep

Front 216

nas/o

Back 216

nose

Front 217

nat/i

Back 217

pertaining to birth

Front 218

nat/o

Back 218

birth

Front 219

natr/i or natr/o

Back 219

sodium

Front 220

ne/o

Back 220

new; recent

Front 221

nephr/o

Back 221

kidney

Front 222

neur/o

Back 222

nerve

Front 223

noct/i or noct/o

Back 223

night

Front 224

nom/o

Back 224

of or relating to usage

Front 225

nucle/o

Back 225

nucleus

Front 226

nyct/o

Back 226

night; darkness

Front 227

o/o

Back 227

egg; ovum

Front 228

obstetr/o

Back 228

midwife

Front 229

ocul/o

Back 229

eye

Front 230

odont/o

Back 230

teeth

Front 231

olecran/o

Back 231

elbow

Front 232

olig/o

Back 232

few; little; scanty

Front 233

omphal/o

Back 233

navel

Front 234

onc/o

Back 234

swelling; mass; tumor

Front 235

onych/o

Back 235

nail (finger or toe)

Front 236

oopho/o

Back 236

ovary

Front 237

ophthalm/o

Back 237

eye

Front 238

opt/o or optic/o

Back 238

eye; vision

Front 239

or/o

Back 239

mouth

Front 240

orch/o or orch/o or orchid/o

Back 240

testicle

Front 241

orth/o

Back 241

straight; correct; normal

Front 242

oste/o

Back 242

bones

Front 243

ot/o

Back 243

ear

Front 244

ov/o

Back 244

ovum, egg

Front 245

ovari/o

Back 245

ovary

Front 246

ox/o

Back 246

oxygen

Front 247

palpebr/o

Back 247

eyelid

Front 248

pancreat/o

Back 248

pancreas

Front 249

papill/o

Back 249

resembling a nipple

Front 250

par/a

Back 250

beside; beyond; abnormal

Front 251

par/o

Back 251

beside; near

Front 252

parathyroid/o

Back 252

parathyroid glands

Front 253

patell/o or patell/a

Back 253

kneecap

Front 254

pector/o

Back 254

chest

Front 255

ped/o

Back 255

foot or child

Front 256

pedi/a

Back 256

child

Front 257

pelv/i

Back 257

pelvis

Front 258

peps/o

Back 258

digestion

Front 259

perine/o

Back 259

perineum-The region between the anus and the vagina in women and between the scrotum and anus in men

Front 260

peritone/o

Back 260

peritoneum-serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and that is folded over the viscera

Front 261

phac/o

Back 261

lens of the eye

Front 262

phag/o

Back 262

to eat; ingestion

Front 263

phak/o

Back 263

lens

Front 264

phalang/o

Back 264

bones of the fingers and toes

Front 265

pharmac/o

Back 265

drug; medicine

Front 266

pharyng/o

Back 266

pharynx-The part of the alimentary canal that extends from the mouth and nasal cavities to the larynx, where it becomes continuous with the esophagus.

Front 267

phas/o

Back 267

speech

Front 268

phe/o

Back 268

dusky

Front 269

phil/o

Back 269

attraction to; tendency toward

Front 270

phleb/o

Back 270

vein

Front 271

phon/o

Back 271

sound; voice

Front 272

phor/o

Back 272

bearing

Front 273

phot/o

Back 273

light

Front 274

phren/o

Back 274

diaphragm

Front 275

phren/o

Back 275

mind

Front 276

pil/o

Back 276

hair

Front 277

plas/o or plast/o

Back 277

formation; development

Front 278

pleg/o

Back 278

paralysis; stroke

Front 279

pleur/o

Back 279

pleura- smooth serous membrane which closely covers the lungs and the adjacent surfaces of the thorax

Front 280

pne/o

Back 280

breathing

Front 281

pneum/o or pneumon/o

Back 281

air; lungs

Front 282

poikil/o

Back 282

varied, irregular

Front 283

poli/o

Back 283

gray matter of the nervous system

Front 284

polyp/o

Back 284

polyps- abnormal growth protruding from a mucous membrane

Front 285

poster/o

Back 285

back

Front 286

presby/o

Back 286

old age

Front 287

proct/o

Back 287

anus; rectump

Front 288

rostat/o

Back 288

prostate gland

Front 289

proxim/o

Back 289

near

Front 290

pseud/o

Back 290

false

Front 291

psych/o

Back 291

mind

Front 292

pub/o

Back 292

pubis

Front 293

pulmon/o

Back 293

lungs

Front 294

pupill/o

Back 294

pupil

Front 295

purpur/o

Back 295

purple

Front 296

py/o

Back 296

pus

Front 297

pyel/o

Back 297

renal pelvis

Front 298

pyr/o

Back 298

fire; heat

Front 299

rach/i

Back 299

spine

Front 300

radi/o

Back 300

radiation

Front 301

radicul/o

Back 301

root

Front 302

rect/o

Back 302

rectum; straight

Front 303

ren/o

Back 303

kidney

Front 304

retin/o

Back 304

retina

Front 305

rhabdomy/o

Back 305

striated muscle; skeletal muscle

Front 306

rhin/o

Back 306

nose

Front 307

rhiz/o

Back 307

root

Front 308

rhythm/o

Back 308

rhythm

Front 309

rose/o

Back 309

rose-colored

Front 310

sacr/o

Back 310

sacrum-large triangular bone located at the base of the spine

Front 311

salping/o

Back 311

eustachian tube-tube that links the pharynx to the cavity of the middle ear to allow the equalization of the pressure on both sides of the eardrum.

Front 312

salping/o

Back 312

fallopian tube

Front 313

sacr/o

Back 313

flesh

Front 314

scapul/o

Back 314

shoulder

Front 315

schiz/o

Back 315

split; division

Front 316

scirrh/o

Back 316

hard; hard tumor

Front 317

scler/o

Back 317

hard

Front 318

scler/o

Back 318

relating to the sclera (white of the eye. It is the tough outer coat of the eye that covers the eyeball except for the cornea)

Front 319

scoli/o

Back 319

crooked bent

Front 320

scop/o

Back 320

to view

Front 321

scot/o

Back 321

darkness

Front 322

seb/o

Back 322

sebum-thick oily substance on skin

Front 323

semin/i

Back 323

semen

Front 324

sept/o

Back 324

infection

Front 325

ser/o

Back 325

blood serum

Front 326

sial/o

Back 326

saliva; salivary gland

Front 327

seder/o

Back 327

iron; steel

Front 328

sigmoid/o

Back 328

sigmoid colon-S-shaped section of the large intestine

Front 329

sinus/o

Back 329

sinus

Front 330

skelet/o

Back 330

skeleton

Front 331

somat/o

Back 331

body

Front 332

son/o

Back 332

sound

Front 333

sperm/o or spermat/o

Back 333

sperm

Front 334

spher/o

Back 334

round; sphere

Front 335

spin/o

Back 335

spine

Front 336

splen/o

Back 336

spleen

Front 337

spondyl/o

Back 337

spine; vertebra

Front 338

squam/o

Back 338

scales

Front 339

staped/o

Back 339

stapes-small stirrup-shaped bone of the middle ear

Front 340

steat/o

Back 340

fat

Front 341

stern/o

Back 341

sternum-breastbone

Front 342

stomat/o

Back 342

mouth

Front 343

tars/o

Back 343

ankle bones; flat of the foot

Front 344

tax/o

Back 344

order

Front 345

tel/e

Back 345

distance; end

Front 346

tempor/o

Back 346

temples of the head

Front 347

tend/o or tendin/o

Back 347

tendon

Front 348

test/o

Back 348

testis, testes

Front 349

tetr/a

Back 349

four

Front 350

thec/o

Back 350

sheath; case; receptacle

Front 351

thorac/o

Back 351

chest

Front 352

thromb/o

Back 352

blood clot

Front 353

thym/o

Back 353

thymus gland

Front 354

thyr/o or thyroid/o

Back 354

thyroid gland

Front 355

toc/o

Back 355

childbirth

Front 356

tom/o

Back 356

to cut; section; layer

Front 357

ton/o

Back 357

tension; tone

Front 358

tonsill/o

Back 358

tonsils

Front 359

tox/oor toxic/o

Back 359

poison; toxin

Front 360

trache/o

Back 360

trachea; windpipe

Front 361

trich/o

Back 361

hair

Front 362

trph/o

Back 362

development; nourishment

Front 363

tympan/o

Back 363

eardrum

Front 364

umbilic/o

Back 364

navel

Front 365

ungu/o

Back 365

nail

Front 366

ur/o

Back 366

urin

Front 367

ureter/o

Back 367

ureter-long, narrow ducts that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Front 368

urethr/o

Back 368

urethra

Front 369

urin/o

Back 369

urine

Front 370

uter/o

Back 370

uterus

Front 371

vagin/o

Back 371

vagina

Front 372

vas/o

Back 372

vessel or vas deferens (the narrow, straight tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to ejaculatory duct

Front 373

ven/o

Back 373

vein

Front 374

ventricul/o

Back 374

ventricle of the brain or heart

Front 375

ventr/o

Back 375

abdomen; front side

Front 376

vertebr/o

Back 376

vertebra

Front 377

vesic/o

Back 377

urinary bladder

Front 378

viscer/o

Back 378

internal organs

Front 379

vitre/o

Back 379

glassy

Front 380

vulv/o

Back 380

vulva; covering

Front 381

xanth/o

Back 381

yellow

Front 382

xer/o

Back 382

dry

Front 383

zo/o

Back 383

animal (man)