Combined

Front 1

Tropicamide

Back 1

-acts for 4 hours is preferred to produce mydriasis and cycloplegia in refraction error testing and fundoscopy

Front 2

Trimethaphen

Back 2

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Ganglionic blocking
Used to treat severe hypertensive crises
Mixed loss of Sympathetic (hypotension) and Parasympathetic Nervous System (tachycardia, constipation, urinary rentention, dry mouth, etc…)

Front 3

Benzotropine

Back 3

treatment of drug-induced Parkinsonism
Muscarinic Blockers

Front 4

Atracurium

Back 4

Nm blockers blocks acetylcholine at the Nm receptor. Used in Surgery for skeletal muscle relaxation
intermediate acting
-used for ELDERLY + only one safe for those w/ kidney prob

Front 5

Atropine

Back 5

-Muscarinic receptor blocker
-used in organophosphate poisoning ; ptn will still die; but control Muscarinic side effects
-Q; rat, want to block Muscarinic blockers; drug to use; Atropine
-main one is organophospate poisioning and refraction error testing

-Decreased salivary, bronchial and sweat secretion
Mydriasis and cyloplegia (loss of accommodation reflex)
Tachycardia
Constipation
Urinary retention
Excitation /hallucinations

Front 6

Ipratropium bromide

Back 6

-Muscarinic Blockers
-Bronchial asthama
If used inhaled, will prevent bronchospams  bronchodilation
Decreases the secretions made in the respiratory mucosa
Uses: Asthma

Front 7

Scopolamine

Back 7

Competitive Muscuranic receptor antagonist
M1 > M2 and M3
Reduces Nausea
Uses: Prevent sea sickness, used in motion sickness, nausea, etc
Used in a transdermal patch because of CNS side effects

Front 8

Tubocurarine

Back 8

Nm blockers blocks acetylcholine at the Nm receptor. Used in Surgery for skeletal muscle relaxation
Long acting

Front 9

Pancuronium

Back 9

Nm blockers blocks acetylcholine at the Nm receptor. Used in Surgery for skeletal muscle relaxation
Long acting

Front 10

Succinylcholine

Back 10

stimulates the Nm receptor, similar to Ach
Persists at receptor at high [], because it is not destroyed by AChE at the Nm junction
“Desensitizes” the end plate by occupying the receptors and causing a “persistent depolarization” leads to flaccid paralysis of muscle
side effects; congenital deficiency is pseudocholinesterase, Malignant hyperthermia

Front 11

Miyacurium

Back 11

Nm blockers blocks acetylcholine at the Nm receptor. Used in Surgery for skeletal muscle relaxation
short acting

Front 12

antidote to Non-depolarizing agents

Back 12

Neostigmine
inhibits the cholinesterase enzyme, increasing the amount of acetylcholine in the synapse, displacing Nm antagonists from the post-synaptic receptor

Front 13

Dantrolene

Back 13

treatment of hyperthermia
-Prevents calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Front 14

Phenoxybenzamine

Back 14

Non-competitive
-pheonocytocroma; or anything else that causes VERY high lvl of catecholamien lvls, that it would outcompete
-α 1 blockage > α 2 blockage
Uses: malignant HTN, Pheochromocytoma, HTN 2° to Clonidine Withdrawal, Cheese Reaction

Front 15

Phentolamine

Back 15

competitive
-Non-selective Competitive Alpha Blocker
Used in HTN, Cocaine induced HTN.
Decreases the workload of the heart, and decreases the risk of MI

Front 16

Tamsulocin

Back 16

-Alpha 1 blockers
DOC to treat HT and have BPH

Front 17

Yohimbine

Back 17

2 selective blockers
-Prevents Negative feedback  Increased Release of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
Claimed to be an Aphrodisiac
Potential uses: Impotence, Co-administrated with drug induced sexual dysfuction

Front 18

Prazosin

Back 18

alpha1 selective: uses-mild to moderate HTN, BPH, Raynaud’s

Front 19

tamsulosin

Back 19

alpha1 selective: uses-mild to moderate HTN, BPH, Raynaud’s

Front 20

doxazosin

Back 20

alpha1 selective: uses-mild to moderate HTN, BPH, Raynaud’s

Front 21

Beta blockers (1 selective)

Back 21

Atenolol
Betaxolol
Esmolol (short half life)
Acebutalol
Metoprolol
ABEAM

Front 22

Beta Non-selective

Back 22

Non Selective Beta blockers
Propranolol
Timolol
Pindolol
Blocks beta 1 and beta 2 recepors  Bronchospasms and Decrease in HR
Contraindicated in Asthmatics
Decreases aqueous humor production  used in Open Angle glaucoma (Timolol)

Front 23

Timolol

Back 23

Blocks beta 1 and beta 2 recepors
open angle glaucoma

Front 24

Labetalol

Back 24

doesn’t cross Placenta, also used in pregnancy
Used in Severe HTN, Angina; maintenance
Blocks alpha receptors  Decrease BP
Blocks beta receptors  Decreases HR

Front 25

Carvidilol

Back 25

Blocks alpha receptors  Decrease BP
Blocks beta receptors  Decreases HR
Used in Severe HTN, Angina

Front 26

Resperpine

Back 26

Indirect Adrenergic Antagonist-
MOA: Prevents Storage of NE, allowing more MAO to metabolism NE/dopamine. Uses: HTN
Crosses BBB
Side effects: Depression, Suicidal Ideations

Front 27

Phenylephrine

Back 27

alpha1 Selective Agonists

-metabolized w/ MAO; hence can give to everyone; aslong as ptn not on MAO inhibitors
-cannot be given orally due to low bioavailablitly; hence given nasal and mydriasis
-Myriasis; can give for eye exam (refractive error test); cause short half-life, does not cause cycloplegia (does not have to do with Musarinic receptors)
-nasal preparations; cause vasoconstrict; low perfussion (nasal congestion is type of edema); allot less blood supply; no hydrostatic pressure; no filtratitve pressure; nothing can leave the veins
-Closed angle galucoma; should not have their pupils dialated
-rebound congestion; use allot phenylpehrine, one day stop using; when no longer constricting vessel; it will dialate; hydrostatic pressure incr; filtrate pressure incr; edema

Front 28

Clonidine

Back 28

alpha2 Selective Agonists

-HY- stimulate –ve feedback, decr Ne
-ptn addicted to CNS depressants (alcoholics, sedatives) ; withdrawal syndrome will be of CNS excitation; anxiety, hallucination, depression, incr HR, incr BP

-to TREAT withdrawal syndrome; give this drug; ONLY one dose
-q will say “CNS depressant” need to know can use Clonidine

-cant take for too long; or we get rebound hypotension when we stop using it; during prcoess of using this drug; block ACh, it stays stored; when we stop using this drug; mass amount of ACh released; HT WHILE ON DRUG; will get hypotension

Front 29

alpha-methyldopa

Back 29

Doesn’t cross placenta
Uses: HTN, Gestational HTN, Chronic HTN during Pregnancy
--ptn, prego, w/ HT, treatment? But used for temp relief; ptn comes in w/ high BP; give this first, then give leptalol (learn 2mrorow lec)

-cant use long term; get hypotension while on drug (only used HT crisis)

Front 30

Oxymetazoline

Back 30

Higher affinity for alpha1 than alpha2 (partial alpha 2 agonist)
Also causes vasoconctriction.
Used as a nasal decongestant
-use every day, get rebound congestion

Front 31

Xylometazoline

Back 31

Higher affinity for alpha1 than alpha2 (partial alpha 2 agonist)
Also causes vasoconctriction.
Used as a nasal decongestant
-use every day, get rebound congestion

Front 32

Dopamine

Back 32

At low concentrations: Stimulates D receptors, causes Vasodilation of arteries (renal, coronary, GI)
At intermediate doses: Stiumates Beta 1 receptors  tachycardia
At high doses: – stimulates alpha 1 receptors  Vasoconstriction
Uses: Cardiogenic shock (beta 1 stimulation), CHF, Hypotension (alpha 1 stimulation)
Adverse effects: HTN, Tachycardia, arrythmias

Front 33

Cocaine

Back 33

is a local anesthetic with a peripheral sympathomimetic action
The action results from inhibition of transmitter reuptake at pre-synapse.
Readily enters the CNS and produces an amphetamine-like effect that is shorter lasting and more intense.
The major action of cocaine in the central nervous system is to inhibit dopamine reuptake into neurons in the "pleasure centers" of the brain.
Increased epinephrine leads to systemic symptoms of sympathetic effects.

Front 34

Tyramine

Back 34

-normal by-product of tyrosine metabolism in the body
-high conc in fermented foods such as cheese and fish, red wine
-indirect sympathomimetic action caused by the release of stored catecholamines
-Just like amphetamines, it increases the number of catecholeamines at the synapse.

Front 35

Isoproterenol

Back 35

Very potent β-receptor agonist and has little effect on alpha receptors.
Leads to an increase and Heart rate (β1) with a decrease in blood pressure (β2)
This lead to a marked increase in cardiac output associated with a fall in diastolic and mean arterial pressure

Front 36

Dobutamine

Back 36

Beta 1 agonists
Increases heart rate. Used in cardiogenic shock, acute heart failure.

Front 37

Terbutaline

Back 37

used in pre-term labor. Causes smooth muscle relaxation in the uterus.
--decrease contractions; if contractiosn too early; prevent early birth

Front 38

Ritodrine

Back 38

used in pre-term labor. Causes smooth muscle relaxation in the uterus
--decrease contractions; if contractiosn too early; prevent early brith

Front 39

Albuterol

Back 39

-Beta 2 agonists for Asthma
-Short acting (rescue drugs): Albuterol, Terbutaline
-in their pocket, fast acting, but shot time it works
-Inhaled Beta agonists is used in Asthma. Causes smooth muscle relaxation at the bronchus (bronchodilaton)
Adverse drug effects: Tachycardia, tremors, palpitations

Front 40

Salmetrol

Back 40

Long acting (maintenance drugs_
-long acting; but takes long time to work; take one puff in morning, good for the day
-Inhaled Beta agonists is used in Asthma. Causes smooth muscle relaxation at the bronchus (bronchodilaton)
Adverse drug effects: Tachycardia, tremors, palpitations

Front 41

Atropin overdose

Back 41

Physostigmine
-only one that can cross BBB

Front 42

Tacrine

Back 42

-Alzheimer's medication,
no longer used, causes liverToxcity
-indirect cholinergic agonists

Front 43

Donepezil

Back 43

-Alzheimer's medication
-once a day benefit
-indirect cholinergic agonists