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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Define Communication |
An intentional, dynamic, ongoing process by which we share ideas or information with other people |
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Define a Symbol |
Words, pictures, objects that represent something else |
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Define Nonverbal Communication |
Behaviors and how we say words |
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Define Interpersonal Communication |
Personal communication between 2 or mire people who interact with each other in ways that are intentional and unique to each other |
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Define Culture |
Our perceptions of the world that are learned from those with whom we interact, which influences our beliefs, values, norms, rules and behaviors |
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Define Mindful Communication |
Communication that is aware in thought and action, that results in communication that attends to situational needs in an open, caring and discerning way |
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Define Communication Competence |
An individual balancing social appropriateness and personal effectiveness, using tactics that most would consider acceptable behaviors, that help the individual achieve a desired outcome |
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Define Self-concept |
The relatively stable set of perceptions we hold of ourselves |
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Define Self-esteem |
The component of our self-concept that judges our self-worth |
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Define Perception |
A continuous process in which one's experiences and preferences shape who they are and how they communicate |
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Characteristics of Communication Competence? |
1. Being skillful at recognizing situational cues (identifying the best way to present their message) 2. Being adaptable at adjusting message (based on environment or audience needs) 3. Being involved (motivating others to become involved, to get excited, become more aware, etc.) 4. Understanding the audience by empathizing with them 5. Being cognitively complex (considering the comprehension abilities of others and adjusting for it) 6. Self monitoring verbal and nonverbal communication (High-monitoring pays attention to details, and adjusts to maximize success and consider others) |
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What are the different categories of Interpersonal Communication Skills? |
1. Mindful listening 2. People skills (set of characteristics helping you understand and interact with others) 3. Emotional intelligence (EQ) 4. Ethical behavior (ability to identify your own emotions and the emotions of others, using that information to guide one's behavior) |
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Whats the relationship between Mindfulness and Effective Interpersonal Communication? |
You still need a balance between appropriateness and effectiveness. Learning to be more mindful is essential to competent communication, but not always effective. |
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How to become a more Mindful Communicator? |
Consciously develop and use skills to: - be less reactive - more discerning - compassionate - step back from your own concept of self to openly consider others - be aware of why you're doing what you're doing. |
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What are the purposes of Interpersonal Communication, including each of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and it's placement in the pyramid? |
Communicating and meeting personal needs, learning about self and others (Self-esteem, self-concept), building and maintaining relationships, reducing uncertainty about others
Pyramid top to bottom: 1. Self-actualization (morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts) 2. Esteem (self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect by others) 3. Love/belonging (friendship, family, sexual intimacy) 4. Safety (security of: body, employment, resources, morality, the family, health, property) 5. Physiological (breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion) |
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What are the elements of a Communication Transaction and the process itself? |
1. Sender 2. Receiver 3. Message 4. Channel(s) 5. Feedback 6. Environment/Fields of Experience
Sender encodes message and sends to receiver through channel, receiver decodes message using 5 senses (influenced by receiver's attitudes, beliefs, opinions, values, history, prejudices, etc.) and gives feedback. |
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What are the 3 main steps in the perception process? |
1. Attending (focusing on specific objects or stimuli in the world around you) 2. Organizing (making sense of and defining incoming stimuli) 3. Interpreting (assigning meaning to a stimulus in order to evaluate and understand its worth) |
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Name and describe each of the models of Interpersonal Communication, with special attention to Barnlund's Transactional Model |
1. Action models (one-directional communication from source to receiver) 2. Interaction models (communication is continuous, both sender and receiver are responsible for effective communication) 3. Transaction models (individuals are simultaneously the sender and receiver)
Barnlund's Transactional Model: - Message encoding and decoding occur simultaneously - Communication is a continuous, endless cycle - Communication constantly changes - Multi-layered feedback system involving oral and nonverbal communication - Communication is complex (Cues, context, noise) |
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What are the 4 areas of interpersonal communication? |
- Number of communication partners involved - Physical proximity of the communicators - Nature of the interaction units - Degree of formality and structure |
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What guides our interpretation of communicative meaning? |
1. Relational dimension (our relationship with the speaker influences how we interpret the message) 2. Content dimension (specific spoken words used to convey the message) |
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What are some examples of communicative context? |
- Circumstance - Environment - Setting - Situation |
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What are situational variables that influence communication competency? |
- Speaker style - Needs of the listener - Context - Situation - Culture - Type of communication |
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What are the Five Facets of Mindfulness? |
- Observing - Describing - Acting with awareness - Nonjudging of inner experience - Nonreactivity to inner experience |
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What are the 4 types of schemes used to classify our perceptions? |
- Physical constructs (young/old, fast/slow) - Role constructs (sibling, student, teacher, doctor) - Displayed social behaviors (aggressive, indifferent, caring, friendly) - Psychological constructs (confident, happy, depressed, insecure) |
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What types of attitudes should one attempt to develop to be mindful? |
- Curiosity (inquiring without being judgemental) - Openness (having the freedom to experience what is occurring as simply the truth, without judgements) - Acceptance (taking as a given the reality of and the need to be precisely where you are) - Love (being kind, compassionate, and empathetic to others and to yourself) |
COAL |
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What are the three aspects of self-concept? |
1. Self-Image (positive & negative views of self) 2. Self worth (the degree to which an individual views themselves as a good person who deserves respect) 3. Ideal-self (the version of you that you would like to be - created through life experiences, cultural demands and other expectations - the flawless, unrealistic, evolving version of yourself) |
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What are the 4 techniques to help dismiss negative criticisms from others? |
1. Reality testing 2. Looking for alternative explanations 3. Putting it in perspective 4. Using goal directed thinking |
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What are "the big 5" personality clusters? |
1. Surgency 2. Agreeableness 3. Dependability 4. Emotional stability 5. Culture |
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What are cognitive dispositions? |
General patterns of mental processes impacting how people respond and react to the world around them |
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What are the 5 types of cognitive dispositions (as identified by John Daly)? |
1. Locus of control (internal, belief that one controls their own behavior and life circumstances; external, belief that one's behavior and circumstances exist because of forces outside one's control) 2. Cognitive complexity (differentiation of distinct elements used for interpretation, integration of connections amongst those elements, abstractness that moves beyond concrete realities and actual instances, and impacts on interpersonal relationships) 3. Authoritarianism/Dogmatism (level of flexibility/rigidity, level of obedience to authority, extent to which one believes one's viewpoint is undeniably true even without consideration of evidence and the opinions of others) 4. Emotional intelligence (EQ) (appraisal and expression of emotions in a manner that enhances thought, living, and communicative interactions) 5. Affective orientation (AO) (recognition and use of your own emotions and the emotions of others) |
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What are communication dispositions? |
General patterns of communicative behavior (intraversion/extraversion, approach/avoidance, argumentative/verbal aggressiveness, sociocommunicative orientation) |
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What are relational dispositions? |
General patterns of mental processes that impact how people view and organize themselves in relationships (including attachment behaviors and rejection sensitivity) |
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What is communication apprehension? |
The fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated interaction |
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What are the three components of self-compassion? |
1. Self-kindness 2. Common humanity 3. Mindfulness |
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Define personality |
The combination of traits or qualities that make a person unique (behavior, emotional stability, and mental attributes) |
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What is temperament? |
A genetic predisposition causing an individual to behave, react, or think a certain way |
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What is the OCEAN Model of personality? |
Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism |
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What are social-personal dispositions? |
General patterns of mental processes that impact how people socially relate to others or view themselves |
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Define evaluation |
A determination or judgment about the quality, importance, or value of something |
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