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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Positive face |
is the favorable image that people portray to others and hope to have a validated by others. It reflects our desire to be liked by others. |
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Negative face |
the part of us that wants to do what we want to do or say, without concern about what others would like us to do or say |
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Face threatening acts (fta) |
are behaviors that detract from an individual's identity by threatening either their positive or negative face. For example: forgetting a dinner date with your significant other is a self inflicted threat to your positive face-your identity as a caring partner. |
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Bald on record strategy: |
primary attention to task and little attention a mother telling her child to “come home right now !” or someone in need of assistance telling a bystander to “lend me a hand here” |
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Positive politeness strategy |
intended to address the receiver's positive face while still accomplishing the task complimenting someone on attire,haircut,or performance is an example of positive politeness that might precede a request |
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Negative politeness strategy |
tries to address the receivers negative face while still accomplishing the task. you might say to a friend “I suppose there wouldn't be any chance of your being able to lend me your car for a few minutes,would there” |
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Going off record strategy |
characterized by primary attention to face and little attention to taste. includes hinting,using an indirect non verbal expression,or masking a request as a joke |
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Preventative facework: |
is characterized by efforts to avoid or minimize potential face threat. Preventative strategies seek to prevent future damage by framing the message in friendlier,softer terms. |
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Disclaimers |
the most common form of preventative facework. |
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hedging |
( i may be way off here, but |
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Credentialing |
( i'm your father, so i'll be straight with you” |
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Sin license |
(well since we're all disclosing embarrassing situations…” |
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Cognitive disclaimer |
i know you're going to think i've lost it …: |
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Appeal for suspended judgment |
hear me out before jumping to conclusions) |
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Corrective facework: |
is characterized by efforts to repair an identity already damaged by something that was said or done. Like preventive facework,corrective facework may be performed by the person whose face was threatened, or by others who are assisting in the protection or repair of the person's face. |
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.Avoidance: |
the common thread underlying avoidance behaviors is the goal of distancing oneself or one's partner from the act. |
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humor |
when the consequences of the FTA are relatively small,people often resort to humor as a way to deal with the threat. By using humor after an FTA,people show poise and come across as competent communicators, their damaged faces. |
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.Apologies |
apologies tie the incident directly to the actor, and as such, may further threaten face-especially if the apology is deemed insincere. |
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.accounts |
attempts to explain the FTA,come in the form of excuses or justifications. Excuses are explanations that minimize personal responsibility of the actor for the action. |
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remediation |
this strategy involves attempts to repair physical damage. For example, you might quickly clean up a coffee spill on the table, or you might zip up your pants once you recognize your fly is open. |
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.aggression |
individuals might feel the need to repair the damaged face by using physical force. For example, people may start a physical altercation in response to a put down or personal attack. |
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Social lubricant |
not liking your friends outfit but not outright saying it's ugly |
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Identity |
qualities we believe we have |
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Self esteem |
judgement we feel about our qualities |
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Looking glass |
horton cooley developed the notion that identity is shaped by feedback from others. He argued that social audience provides us with an image of ourselves like the one we see in a mirror. |
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Self fulfilling prophecy: |
causes a person to behave in a way (that actually makes it more likely that their behavior will be consistent with their identity” |
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Social identity theory: |
explains how we develop and maintain our identity. Identity does not exist in a vacuum; it is linked to our membership in social groups as broad as our ethnic,sexual,or religious affiliation or as narrow as small cliques |
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Communication theory of identity |
: he argued that identity construction can be viewed through “frames of identity” or lenses |
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Personal frame: |
identity is an image we construct within ourselves |
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Enactment of communication frame |
identities develop through communication; not all communication messages are designed to create our identity but identity is a part of all messages. |
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Relationship frame |
developed through interaction over time that defines us in terms of our relationships. Your identity is shaped by the kind of friend,romantic partner,and son or daughter you are. |
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Communal frame |
: identities are partly a function of the group we belong to |
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Identity as stage: |
goffman maintained that we constantly enact performances geared for audiences- with the purpose of advancing a beneficial image for ourselves. |
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Self expansion theory |
based on two key principles. The first is that humans have a primary motivation to self expand. The second principle is that individuals often achieve self-expansion through close relationships which allow the inclusion of the other in the self. |
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Communication competence |
effectiveness and appropriateness |
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Effectiveness |
how able we are to achieve goals |
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Appropriateness |
how others see our communication and judge it |
