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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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trust in the news media is _______
young people are _______ by news audiences for newspapers, newsmagazines, and broadcast news programs are ________ |
declining
turned off declining |
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In the annual Gallup polls on honesty and ethics in various occupations
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both TV and newspaper journalists rank low
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What is news and a journalist in the United States?
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no legal definition of news exists; news is whatever a journalist says is news
Anybody can identify himself or herself as a journalist |
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Fourth Estate of government
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Legislative Judicial Executive Press
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First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution specifically prohibits courts from determining:
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what is or is not newsworthy
who is or is not a journalist. |
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Three things used to determine what is news
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Traditions and Policies
Economic Pressure Competitive Pressures |
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News values are also influenced by ________
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advertisers
Gatekeepers tailor both the content of news, and the way news is presented, to attract audiences that are desirable to advertisers. |
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five core elements that characterize newsworthy events.
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-Timeliness
-Proximity -Prominence: important ppl & events -Consequence:things that matter to many people -Human interest |
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six additional changes to our traditional conception of news values.
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-Online distribution systems of news
-Blogs -Citizen journalism -Hyper Local News -The converged journalist -New tools |
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Citizen journalism
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A “pro-am” (professional-amateur) cost-saving blend of reader contributions and traditional reporting
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Hyper Local News
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A focus on a small community or zip code, mostly via Web sites
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The converged journalist
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Backpack journalists who do it all (recall our earlier study device convergence)
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New Tools
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Mostly computer-assisted reporting (CAR) techniques that have facilitated access to government documents and databases
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Hard news
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-routine reporting about news events
-print & online distribution use the inverted-pyramid (info gets less important as it goes on) -Broadcast- square form, level of information is consistent throughout |
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Soft News
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-feature stories emphasize human-interest angles of events.
-typically distributed on weekends -Some syndication companies provide feature stories for local TV stations |
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Investigative Reports
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emphasize information about matters of public importance obtained by nonroutine reporting methods.
both expensive and hazardous. |
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The wire services
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-coined in 19th century about telegraph
-the Associate Press is the world’s leading wire service with about 240 bureaus worldwide. |
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four common practices designed to enhance the credibility of their news stories among audience members
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-truthfulness
-accuracy (verification of information) -balance (even handedness when covering disputes) -fairness (absence of conscious bias and personal comment) |
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Newspapers and news magazines are organized in terms of space.
+ and - |
*good for in-depth reporting, long narratives, good for complex analysis (ability to reread)
*Bad- dull, old-fashioned, and no longer timely compared with electronic distribution systems |
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Television is organized in terms of time.
+ and - |
+ good for stories with visual appeal
- shallowness, especially with regard to editorial decisions influenced by visual technologies (e.g., cameras in helicopters) - criticized for emphasis on the appearance and personality of on-camera reporters |
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Online media are organized in terms of space, but can be updated continuously.
+ and - |
+ Any type of news story can be distributed online.
- Online media are criticized because of the easy entry into the status of “online journalist.” |
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Radio Broadcasting
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-Local all-news radio stations are found only in major markets.
-local companies provide outsourced news, weather, and traffic reports to multiple stations. |
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In a recent Harris poll, respondents rated National Public Radio (NPR) the most________ news organization in the U.S.
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trusted
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The number of Americans going online for news every day continues to ____
The number getting news every day from other sources is______ |
increase.
declining. |
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more than ____ percent of original news is first reported by community newspapers.
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80%
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Three requirements for a profession (Bureau of Labor Statistics):
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prescribed educational standards
licensure enforcement of performance standards by the profession itself |
