Com 250 Exam 3- Motion Pictures

Front 1

In Hollywood, context for com 250, ___companies command____ percent of the market for motion pictures.

Back 1

6 companies command 80 percent

Front 2

defining characteristics of motion pictures

Back 2

-media industry with the highest content-production costs
-electronic media industry that produces content most likely to be valued as art, although artistic merit is a secondary consideration compared with profit
-only mass medium w/social dimension to audience membership

Front 3

Effects on motion pictures during depression and recessions

Back 3

A depression-/recession-proof industry
has performed well during economic downturns.

Front 4

How do still photographs give viewers the illusion of movement?

Back 4

Images on motion-picture screen are discrete.
individual images do not move.
Rapidly presented discrete images give illusion of movement

Front 5

the phi phenomenon, and persistence of vision.

Back 5

Rapidly presented discrete images give the illusion of movement via two characteristics of our human perceptual system

Front 6

Eadweard Muybridge

Back 6

pioneered the photography of motion with multiple cameras (1880s).

Front 7

Thomas Edison

Back 7

extended Muybridge’s work by devising a way to photograph motion with a single camera.
Kinetograph, kinetoscope, vitascope

Front 8

Kinetograph

Back 8

a camera designed to use roll film pioneered by George Eastman (Kodak)

Front 9

Kinetoscope

Back 9

a coin-operated device that reproduced roll films for one viewer at a time

Front 10

Vitascope

Back 10

a projector that reproduced rolls of film on a screen for multiple viewers.

Front 11

Motion Picture Patents Company (MPPC)

Back 11

first effort to consolidate the filmmaking industry

Front 12

star system

Back 12

Ind. filmmakers combating MPPC
focused on intense marketing efforts to publicize actors and actresses for the purpose of generating demand for films.

Front 13

nickelodeons

Back 13

Movies were first projected for group audiences in rooms of various sizes (wherever space would permit).
Such establishments became known as nickelodeons

Front 14

picture palaces

Back 14

As films became longer, exhibitors built comfortable and elaborately decorated picture palaces
cost 1500 times more to produce

Front 15

vertical integration

Back 15

2nd wave of industry consolidation resulted from the vertical integration of Paramount and Fox and Loews/MGM.

led to practice of forcing indep. exhibitors to accept block booking of films.

Front 16

____was the principal method of producing color films from 1932-1952.

Back 16

Technicolor

Front 17

sound-on-film

Back 17

Warner Brothers introduced optical recording of sound in 1927.
By 1929 the silent movies were history.

Front 18

The studio years and the “golden era” of the motion picture

Back 18

1930-1950
began w/“talkies” in late 1920s, and
faded with the emergence of nationally distributed television in the early 1950s.

Front 19

The Great Depression left eight major studios dominating the movie industry for roughly 20 years:

Back 19

MGM, 20th Century Fox, RKO, Warner Brothers, Paramount (“Big Five”);
Universal, Columbia, and United Artists (“Little Three”).

Front 20

The studio system peaked in achievement between_____

Back 20

1939 and 1941 (Gone With the Wind, Wizard of Oz, Citizen Kane).

Front 21

The Paramount Decree

Back 21

-broke up co-owned studios & theater chains
-prohibited block booking
-fostered a reemergence of indp. motion-picture producers
-resulted in industry restructuring of former studios as deep-pocketed financiers & experienced distributors of cultural products made by independent motion-picture producers

Front 22

Hollywood’s first reaction was to fight television via (7)

Back 22

-restrictive contracts prohibiting movie stars from appearing on TV
-refusal to advertise upcoming movies on TV
-refusal to rent old films for broadcast on TV
-gimmicks (e.g., 3-D)
-big screens (e.g., Cinerama)
-big-budget productions
-adult themes not permitted on TV

Front 23

Hollywood’s second thought

Back 23

Motion pictures and television could thrive in symbiosis.TV provided:
new life for old movies
a new market for filmmaking.

Front 24

audience restrictions

Back 24

(presently G, PG, PG-13, R, NC-17)

Front 25

primary revenue stream in 2009

Back 25

DVD sales and rentals have replaced theater exhibition

Front 26

One way producers minimize the risks associated with making cultural products for a young audience is by focusing on_________

Back 26

presold stories

Front 27

Industry structure in 2009

Back 27

-oligopoly of 6 major players control 80% of market.
-big production companies each produce about 20 films a year.
-Those same companies handle marketing & distribution of movies to exhibitors.
-Exhibitors pay distributors large % of box-office receipts in return for rights to screen films.

Front 28

The typical motion-picture distribution process.

Back 28

-released for exhibition in theaters (box-office revenue)
-released for sale on DVD (DVD sales and rental revenue)
-released to premium cable after DVD sales peaked (TV revenue)
-finally released to terrestrial TV

Front 29

revenues flow from

Back 29

DVD sales and rentals

TV

box-office receipts

Front 30

pros and cons of digital revolution

Back 30

pro- cheapter production and distribution, multiple sound tracks, 3d
con- digital light projectors costly, projection quality,

Front 31

RealDVD allows consumers to

Back 31

copy discs that they own
pay for content once and then watch it where, when, and how they wish.
But note: Any DVD copying is illegal in many countries.
In order to avoid U.S. copyright infringement, RealDVD contains many restrictions on use.

Front 32

apple tv

Back 32

wireless streaming
use with itunes &download
quality?

Front 33

birth of nation

Back 33

caused controversy among blacks
rarely seen

Front 34

UA

Back 34

the company built by the stars
very successful films
1980 bought by mgm
tom cruise took over in 2006

Front 35

cell phones in movie theaters

Back 35

attempting to jam reception in theaters
theaters in france do, chuches in mexico

Front 36

top 3 motion pics

Back 36

titanic
star wars
shrek 2

Front 37

internet driven movies

Back 37

blair witch project
snakes on a plane

Front 38

camming

Back 38

sneaking video camera into the theater
how to prevent-
optical scanner in exit signs
infrared light bursts
hypnoblocker- nausiating circles appear

Front 39

all time box office leaders (3)

Back 39

gone with the wind
star wars
the sound of music

Front 40

dvd sale profits

Back 40

rental- 2.25
box office admission- 3.50
dvd sale- 14.00

Front 41

$30 at box office

Back 41

tom sizemore & katherine heigl

Front 42

Four traditional means of financing a movie

Back 42

1.borrowing money from the big distributors
2. pickup arrangements- distributor agrees to pay price for a movie if produced&delivered by specific date
3.joint ventures which major-player film companies pool resources
4.limited partnerships of individual investors

Front 43

How do exhibitors make money?

Back 43

1 agreement allows the exhibitor to deduct theater-operating expenses
and a set amount of profit.
The distributor then receives 90 percent of the remainder.

Front 44

In addition to box office receipts, exhibitors also derive significant revenue from....

Back 44

concession sales
in-theater marketing

Front 45

Audience

Back 45

60% of moviegoers are under 40
75% of moviegoers attend 12 or more movies each year
frequent moviegoers tend to be young and single