Com 181 Test 1 Kctcs

Front 1

Sophists

Back 1

First professional speakers

Protagoras, Gorgias, ect

Front 2

Protagoras (who and 2 quotes)

Back 2

Sophist

"Every argument has two sides and one opposes the other"

"Man is the measure of all things"

Front 3

Pericles (who and quote)

Back 3

5th century Athenian head of govt

"One who forms a judgement but cannot explain himself clearly might as well never thought at all on the subject."

Front 4

Gorgias

Back 4

Developed a process of public speaking called the elements of speech: (Ethos, Logos, Pathos, and Kairos

Front 5

Ethos

Back 5

Speaker Credibility

Front 6

Logos

Back 6

Appeals to Logic

Front 7

Pathos

Back 7

Appeals to Emotion

Front 8

Kairos

Back 8

Audience analysis, timing

Front 9

Sophistry

Back 9

Flowery speaking

Front 10

Plato who and definitions.

Back 10

Philosopher opposed to sophists

Believed intellectuals should better humanity

Philosopher-Sees order in the universe, evidence of a divine force and is a trustworthy guide

Sophist- disrespectfully holds man to be the measure of all things and is an untrustworthy guide.

Front 11

Plato student and substudent

Back 11

Plato - Aristotle - Alexander the Great

Front 12

Romans (teachings)

Back 12

Canons of Rhetoric - Five step process for public speaking

Front 13

Canons of Rhetoric

Back 13

1. Invention - Process of gathering arguments and evidence

2. Organization - Arranging parts of speech

3. Style - Phrasing the Arguments.

4. Delivery - The Skill of vocal and bodily communication

5. Memory - Memorization of Material

Front 14

Patterns of organization

Back 14

Chronological order

Spatial Order

Causal Order

Problem/Solution Order

Topical Order

Front 15

Chronological Order

Back 15

Method of speech organization in which the pain points follow a time pattern

Most often found with informative speeches.

Front 16

Spatial Order

Back 16

A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern.

(inside to outside, Front to back, NSEW, ect.)

Most often used with informative speeches.

Front 17

Causal Order

Back 17

A method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship.

Two main points 1 cause 2 effect

Can be used to either inform or persuade

Front 18

Problem Solution order

Back 18

A Method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem.

Almost always used as a persuasive speech.

Front 19

Topical Order

Back 19

A method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics.

Extremely versatile for informative and persuasive speeches.

Most used pattern of organization.

Front 20

Connectives

Back 20

A word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationships among them.

1. Transitions

2. Internal Preview

3. Internal Summary

4. Signpost

Front 21

Transition

Back 21

A word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another.

E.G. "now that we have a clear understanding of the problem, let me share the solution with you."

Front 22

Internal Preview

Back 22

A statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next.

often combined with transitions

E.G. "next we will talk about the rampant rate of political assassinations by trained sloths."

Front 23

Internal Summary

Back 23

A statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speakers preceding point or points.

Excellent way to clarify or reinforce points.

Front 24

Signpost

Back 24

A very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas.

E.G. " First...., Secondly.... Lastly....."

Front 25

Introduction - Parts

Back 25

1. Get the attention and interest of your audience.

2. Reveal the topic of your speech.

3. Establish your credibility and Goodwill.

4. Preview the body of the speech. (preview statement)

Front 26

Conclusion - Parts

Back 26

1. Signal the end

2. Review of main points

3. Closing Statement. (Psychological Unity - connect closing statement to attention getter)

Front 27

Audience Analysis

Back 27

Demographics

Group Membership

Age

Gender, Race, Religion, Cultural Background

Never drift into stereotypes but maintain truthfulness

Front 28

Verbal - Delivery Aspects

Back 28

Volume

Pitch

Rate

Vocal Variety

Pauses

Pronunciation

Articulation

Front 29

Nonverbal delivery aspects

Back 29

Stay away from distracting mannerisms.

-anything that calls attention to itself

-Don't stray from lectern

-Don't lean on lectern

-Can talk with Hands.

-No two hands in pockets

Front 30

Guidelines

Back 30

-Times

-Anticipate questions and try to answer before asked

-Don't overestimate what the audience knows.

-No stock phrases ("And all that", "Like")

-No verbal pauses ("um", "Uh", "ahh")

Front 31

Supporting Materials

Back 31

1. Examples

2. Statistics

3. Testimony

Front 32

Examples

Back 32

A specific case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like.

Front 33

Brief Example / Specific Instance

Back 33

A specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point.

Front 34

Extended Example / Illustration

Back 34

A story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point

Front 35

Hypothetical Example

Back 35

An example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation

Front 36

Statistics

Back 36

-Use sparangly

-Make sure they are representative

-Make sure they are measured correctly

-Make sure they are from a credible source

-Know Mean, Median, Mode

Front 37

Mean

Back 37

Average of a data set

Front 38

Median

Back 38

Middle figure of a data set

Front 39

Mode

Back 39

Most occurring of data set

Front 40

Testimony

Back 40

Quotations or paraphrases used to support a point

Can be expert testimony or peer testimony

Make sure they are from reliable sources.

Cite in speech

Front 41

Citation Formula

Back 41

According to (source) (Supporting Material)

Front 42

Direct Quotation

Back 42

Testimony that is presented word for word

Front 43

Paraphrase

Back 43

To restate or summarize a source's ideas in one's own words.

Front 44

Quoting out of context

Back 44

Quoting a statement in such a way as to distort its meaning by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it.

Front 45

Crescendo Ending

Back 45

a conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity.

Front 46

Dissolve Ending

Back 46

A Conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement.

Front 47

Rhetorical Question

Back 47

A question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud.

Front 48

Speech Outline

Back 48

Does not have to be in full sentences

Brief outline used to jog a speakers memory during the presentation of the speech

(notecard

Front 49

Does peer testimony have credibility?

Back 49

Yes. Because they experienced it.

Front 50

Preparation Outline

Back 50

Must be in full sentences

a detailed outline developed during the process of speech preparation.