Com 135 Ch 17 Defiinitions

Front 1

• Either/or fallacy:

Back 1

The oversimplification of an issue into a choice between only two outcomes or possibilities

Front 2

• Hasty generalization:

Back 2

A conclusion reached without adequate evidence

Front 3

• Ad hominem:

Back 3

An attack on irrelevant personal characteristics of the person who is prosing an idea, rather than on the idea itself

Front 4

• Red herring:

Back 4

Irrelevant facts or information used to distract someone from the issue under discussion

Front 5

• Appeal to misplaced authority:

Back 5

Use of the testimony of an expert in a given field to endorse an idea or product for which the expert does not have the appropriate credentials or expertise

Front 6

• Non sequirur:

Back 6

Latin for “it does not follow”; an idea or conclusion that does not logically relate to or follow from the previous idea or conclusion

Front 7

• Myth:

Back 7

A shared belief based on the underlying values, cultural heritage, and faith of a group of people

Front 8

• Demagogue:

Back 8

A speaker who gains control over others by using unethical emotional pleas and appeals to listeners’ prejudices

Front 9

• Syllogism:

Back 9

A three part way of developing an argument, using a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion

Front 10

• Major premise:

Back 10

A general statement that is the first element of a syllogism

Front 11

• Minor premise:

Back 11

A specific about an example that is linked to the major premise; the second element of a syllogism

Front 12

• Conclusion:

Back 12

The logical outcome of a deductive argument, which stems from the major premise and the minor premise

Front 13

• Causal reasoning:

Back 13

Reasoning in which the relationship between two or more events leads you to conclude that one or more of the events caused the others

Front 14

Example:

Back 14

•An illustration used dramatize or clarify a fact

Front 15

Reluctant testimony:

Back 15

A statement by someone who has reversed his or her position on a given issue

Front 16

Fallacy:

Back 16

• false reasoning that occurs when someone attempts to persuade without adequate evidence or with arguments that are irrelevant or inappropriate

Front 17

• Causal fallacy:

Back 17

A faulty cause-and-effect connection between two things or events

Front 18

• Bandwagon fallacy:

Back 18

Reasoning that suggests that because everyone else believes something or is doing something, then it must be valid or correct.

Front 19

• Trustworthiness:

Back 19

An aspect of a speaker’s credibility that reflects whether the speaker is perceived as believable and honest

Front 20

• Dynamism:

Back 20

An aspect of a speaker’s credibility that reflects whether the speaker is perceived as energetic

Front 21

• Charisma:

Back 21

Characteristic of a talented, charming, attractive speaker

Front 22

• Initial credibility:

Back 22

The impression of a speaker’s credibility that listeners have before the speaker starts a speech

Front 23

• Derived credibility:

Back 23

The perception of a speaker’s credibility that is formed during a speech

Front 24

• Terminal credibility:

Back 24

The final impression listeners have of a speaker’s credibility, after a speech concludes

Front 25

• Inductive reasoning:

Back 25

Reasoning that uses specific instances or examples to reach a general, probable conclusion

Front 26

• Generalization:

Back 26

An all-encompassing statement

Front 27

• Deductive reasoning:

Back 27

Reasoning that moves from a general statement of principle to a specific, certain conclusion