Com 100-Ch. 12-Public Communication

Front 1

speech to entertain

Back 1

speech in which the primary goal is to amuse, interest, and engage listeners

Front 2

narrative speaking

Back 2

rendering a story to share experiences, build community, pass on history, or teach a lesson

Front 3

speech to inform

Back 3

speech in which the primary goal is to increase listeners' understanding, awareness, or knowledge about some topic

Front 4

speech to persuade

Back 4

speech in which the primary goal is to change listener's attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors or to motivate listeners to action

Front 5

credibility

Back 5

willingness to believe in a person or to trust what a person says and does...exists in the minds of listeners, and they confer it, or refuse to confer it, on speakers

Front 6

initial credibility

Back 6

the expertise and trustworthiness listeners grant a speaker before a presentation begins...is based on titles, positions, experiences, or achievements known to listeners before they hear a speech

Front 7

derived credibility

Back 7

the expertise and trustworthiness that listeners recognize in a speaker as a result of how the speaker communicated during a presentation

Front 8

terminal credibility

Back 8

the cumulative expertise and trustworthiness listeners recognize in a speaker as a result of initial and derived credibility...it may be greater or less than initial credibility determining on how well the speaker communicates

Front 9

specific purpose

Back 9

objective that a speaker aims to accomplish as a result of presenting a speech

Front 10

thesis statement

Back 10

the main idea of an entire speech...it should capture the key message in a concise sentence that listeners can remember easily

Front 11

evidence

Back 11

material used to interest, move, or persuade people...includes statistics, examples, comparisons, quotations, and visual aids

Front 12

statistics

Back 12

form of evidence that uses numbers to summarize a great many individual cases or that demonstrates relationships between phenomena

Front 13

examples

Back 13

form of evidence that uses single instances to make a point, dramatize an idea, or personalize information...include: detailed, undetailed, hypothetical, and anecdotal or stories

Front 14

comparisons (analogies)

Back 14

form of evidence that uses associates between two things that are similar (or strikingly different) in some important way or ways

Front 15

quotations

Back 15

form of evidence that uses exact citations of statements made by others

Front 16

visual aids

Back 16

form of evidence that uses visual objects such as charts, graphs, photographs and physical objects to reinforce ideas preseented verbally or to provide information

Front 17

halo effect

Back 17

occurs when an expert in one area is assumed to also be an expert in other areas that may be unrelated to the person's expertise

Front 18

transitions

Back 18

words and sentences that connect ideas and main points in a speech so that listeners can follow a speaker

Front 19

oral style

Back 19

visual, vocal, and verbal aspects of the delivery of a public speech or other communication

Front 20

impromptu delivery

Back 20

involves little preparation...speakers think on their feet as they talk about ideas and positions with which they are familiar

Front 21

extemporaneous delivery

Back 21

presentational style that includes preparation and practice but not memorization of actual words and nonverbal behaviors

Front 22

manuscript delivery

Back 22

presentational style that involves speaking from a complete manuscript of a speech

Front 23

memorized delivery

Back 23

presentational style in which a speech is memorized word for word in advance

Front 24

communication apprehension

Back 24

anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication encounters...it is common and can be constructive

Front 25

systematic desensitization

Back 25

method of reducing common communication apprehension that first teaches people how to relax physiologically and then helps them practice feeling relaxed as they imagine themselves in progressively more difficult communication situations

Front 26

cognitive restructuring

Back 26

a method of reducing communication apprehension that involves teaching people to revise how they think about speaking situations

Front 27

positive visualization

Back 27

a technique for reducing speaking anxiety in which people visualize themselves communicating effectively in progressively challenging speaking situations

Front 28

skills training

Back 28

a method of reducing communication apprehension that assumes that anxiety results from lack of speaking skills and thus can be reduced by learning skills