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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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stochastic screens
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random dot pattern for printing halftones through
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frequency modulated screen
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dots are varied by quantity to show gray values
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amplitude modulated screens
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dots are varied in size to show gray values
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advantages of frequency modulated screen
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better detail rendition, great for busy images
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advantages of amplitude modulated screens
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better wash detail, big blocks of colour
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what is the screening system of the future
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hybrid screens, which figure out where to use amplitude modulated and where to use frequency modulated
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3 phases of cinema industry
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capture, editing, displaying
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resolution of digital display
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4000x2000
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how do fluorescent materials work
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absorb radiation from outside the visible spectrum and convert it to visible radiation (usually UV)
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What is CIELAB
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cielab is a colour space based on lightness, hue, and chroma that is based on human perception with defined light source
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Why is CIELAB important
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it is what colour management profiles are based off of
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what causes colour aliasing
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interpolation errors - each pixel absorbs R,G, or B. it gets information on the other two colours from neighbours, so at sharp edges it can rainbow
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Lithography
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works on the basis that oil repels water
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intaglio
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cutting an image into the plate, then applying pressure to paper to get ink out from the incisions
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flexography (flexo)
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used for printing on uneven surfaces, the background is cut away. it is used for packaging, cardboard, etc. mounted on rotary press. pattern made out of rubber so it kisses the substrate
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gravure
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a form of intaglio, transferred to a rubber blanket and wrapped around a rotary press
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relief
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cutting away the background
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pad printing
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a process for printing on bizarre surfaces (golf balls, keyboard keys, etc)
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How do you separate green, blue, and red
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red goes to cyan, green goes to magenta, blue goes to yellow
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what are the 3 original printing methods
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platten press, cylinder press, rotary press
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offset press
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a form of rotary press where the cylinders are offset from each other to aid in applying ink (used for litho offset)
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is there a scientifically perfect colour separation
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no, its what the client decides looks right
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colour electronic prepress system
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invented in 1980, text, image, colours, effects, can be done in computer for the first time instead of by hand
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why is the laser so important
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the laser allows light to be very absolute, either on or off. hard dot images, no graying out like normal light through a screen
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two types of scanners
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flatbed and drum, drum is higher res
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two types of colour correction
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global correction and selective correction
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what is the difference between script and cursive
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script, ends touch
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what is more profitable, CCD or CMOS
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CMOS, used in cellphone cameras, small displays, etc
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what dimension are colour gamuts
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3D spaces, with variance across ability to replicate grayness, lightness, and hue
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what are examples of input, display, and output devices as per digital media
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scanners/digicams, monitors, printers/websites
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why do scanners see differently from people
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people have bias, where they will automatically correct colours in their mind. scanners on the other hand compare colours to a target profile (calibration is key)
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what are the 3 steps to setting up a scanner or digital camera for image capture
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calibration, characterization, conversion
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what is the primary reason why lasers are so precise
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lasers emit one wavelength of light in step (no interference)
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what is the light temperature of CIE's standard illuminant (which CIELAB is based off of)
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5000 degrees kelvin, because it is similar to daylight
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what is the different usage for additive and subtractive colour
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additive is used for capturing colour separation (RGB), subtractive is used for printing (CMYK). this is why ccd arrays have RGB pixels and printers have CMYK ink
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3 properties of halftone printing
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dot shape, screen angle, screen ruling
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How do you measure the amount of gray values available given dpi and lpi
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(dpi/lpi)^2 + 1 = number of levels
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did gutenberg invent movable type
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no, he just made it easier, enabling mass production of books
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when were halftone screens invented
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1860, fox talbot
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what is the rule of thumb for appropriate scanning resolution at 1:1?
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scanning resolution should be 2x the line per inch. method for figuring out enlargment problems goes lpi*2*(pct blown up/down / 100)
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screen ruling where an average observer at a distance of 15" can no longer detect halftone/moire is?
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150 lines per inch. usually dpi is atleast 10x lpi.
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what is screen build
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building a specific colour by printing percentages of cmyk over each other
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What color has to be printed on a 90 degree screen angle, and why?
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[ideal separation is 30 degrees.. but then only 3 can fit on the screen so for a 4th you can squeeze in a 15 degree angle.] YELLOW has to be on a 90 degree angle. We are less sensitive to different hues than yellow. black is at 45, and cyan and magenta are at off angles. this makes a rosette pattern instead of bizarre interference
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what is a linotype machine
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a machine that automatically sets type
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what is stereotyping
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setting type on heat and onto a mat that can be wrapped around a cylinder
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what is trapping
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trapping is ensuring that two adjacent colours are adjusted so that any misalignment does not result in white gaps between the two inks. this is not necessary in some instances where both colours share components
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what are ligatures, kerning
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ligatures are letter pairs that come pre-kerned. kerning is moving letters closer together to enhance readability
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what is leading
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distance between letter lines from baseline to baseline
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what is x-height, hinting
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height of a lowercase letter with no ascender/descender. hinting is digital hints on how to display letters when made tiny
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what is typeface, what is font
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typeface is the entire collection of one style of fonts at different pt sizes, font is one specific set
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what is a pt, what is a pica, what are they used for
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points are 1/72 of an inch, they measure type height. pica are 1/6 of an inch, they measure the length of a line, start to finish
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what is better for word recognition, what is better for reading passages
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sans serif, serif
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