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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Three functions of color vision... |
Classify and identify (things in our environment) see the berries for the leaves, object recognition (respond quicker when color matches the object) |
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Hue |
What color is it? |
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Saturation |
How much whatever has been added |
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Brightness |
How intense is the light |
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Newton's experiment |
Used prisms to separate white light into component colors and when passed through a second prism it did not change |
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The light is not colored.... |
It is simply our brains way or responding to it (perception) |
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Reflection and transmission in solids |
Reflection and absorption (what's reflected is what makes it to your eye) |
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Reflectance and transmission of liquids |
Selective transmission (what makes it through the liquid makes it to your eye) |
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What wee see is based on? (Colors, and tints) |
Reflectance and transmission. Color majority of wavelength reflected is the precieved color, for tints the for reflection the brightest (white) |
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Two "types" of color mixing |
Subtractive and addative |
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Subtractive color mixing |
Blue (SM) + yellow (ML)= green (M), all colors = black |
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Additive color mixing |
Newton's prison, sum of all colors is white, blue and yellow are reflected back to the eye |
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Problem of univariance |
A single cone might respond best to its prefered wavelength but it respond to other, how do we tell the difference?? Amplitude |
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Short wavelength |
High frequency, blue |
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Long wavelength |
Low frequency, red |
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Great amplitude |
Bright color |
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Small amplitude |
Full collor |
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Photoreceptors fire to both... |
Wavelength and amplitude |
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Trichromatic theory of color vision |
The color of any light is defined by our visual system by the relationships b/w a set of three numbers, the outputs of three receptors now know be three cones (young Helmholtz theory) |
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Trichromatic theory is also called? |
Young Helmholtz |
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Color perception (trichromatic) |
Response of three different cones and their patterns of responding |
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Metamers |
Colors that are perceptually similar but are caused by different wavelengths |
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One cone |
Monochromatic, univariance problem, no pattern of firing, intensity vs wavelength information (confusion) |
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Two cones |
Some color perception, color matching problems, color not as rich, dichromat |
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Three cones |
Full pattern of firing, full color matching, system not confused by metamers (matched the same) |
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Trichromatic summary |
Each cone responds best to a specific wavelength, but responds a bit to others, so pattern of responding is IMP |
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Cortical basis of color perception |
Opponent process theory |
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Evidence for opponent process theory |
Research on single-cell recording found opponent neurons which are located in the retina and LGN and respond in an excitatory manner to one end of the spectrum and inhibitory to the other (e.g red green) |
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Two types of opponent process cells |
Single and double |
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Trichromatic theory occurs in the _____ and leads to opponent processing |
Receptors (sensation) |
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Opponent processing theory occurs in the ___ and goes to the___ |
Opponent cells, brain. |
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Trichromatic theory leads to |
Color matching |
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Opponent processing leads to |
Hue cancellation |
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Deuteranopia |
No M cones, short is blue and greater than 480nm is yellow |
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Protonopia |
No L cones, short is blue and greater than 492 is yellow |
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Tritanopia |
No S cone, short is blue and greater than 570 is red |
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Color constancy |
Perception of colors as relatively constant is spite of changing light sources |
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Subjective measure of luminance (2) |
Lightness and brightness |
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Lightness |
Precieved reflectance |
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Brightness |
Precieved intensity of light coming from the object itself |
