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23 Cards in this Set
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Geography: Maggie Location What is it near? |
-Is located in the southeastern part of the U.S.A. -Bordered by Maryland to the North and North Carolina to the South -The Appalachian Mountains to the West coast of Virginia and to the East was the Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake Bay |
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Place- Physical, geography, Human, characteristics, |
Physical- -Physical- -Lived along the shores and throughout forested hills and mountains. -On the coast of Atlantic Ocean and the Chesapeake Bay |
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Region What is the formal region (state, city)? What is the vernacular region (West, Midwest)? What is the functional territory (ex, who they trade with) |
-Virginia -On the Eastern coast of the U.S. -They traded with the N/A -Virginia -On the Eastern coast of the U.S. -Didn't really "trade" the stole the land from the welcoming Natives |
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Movement How did they migrate? Where did they migrate? Why did they migrate? How did migration affect their culture? |
-They migrated from England for the idea of mercantilism and for the profit that would benefit the mother country -They migrated to Roanoke but they saw land and decided to move West onto the mainland. -They migrated because they wanted religious freedom from the English church (Catholicism) -More religious freedom -Not much changed from England to Virginia |
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Human/Environmental Interaction How did they adapt to the environment? How did they modify the environment? How did they depend on the environment? |
-They adapted to the environment by being able to plant and farm and make money off of the furs, silver, gold, and lumber that they were surrounded in. -They made homes out of the lumber that they sold, they made farms/ crops which made them a profit. -They depended on the environment for food, shelter, warmth. |
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Geography: Maggie How does the geography of your colony affect the economy? |
The geography of the Virginia affects the economy because if they are having a good growing season for their cash crops, then they will have more of a profit. |
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Economy: Josh What do they create/make a profit off of |
Rolfe’s discovery that the West Indies tobacco, which he called Orinoco tobacco, could be grown in Virginia saved the colony. Over the next decades, tobacco became a very profitable crop. With the prospect of making money in Virginia, it was easier to recruit new settlers, and immigration allowed the colony to grow even though death rates were still very high. In addition, colonists needed land to grow their tobacco, and they began moving inland, up the James River and away from the swampy waters near the coasts. Further inland, the water was cleaner and there were fewer mosquitoes and less disease. Colonists started to live longer. |
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Economy: What do they grow |
Virginia farmers raised vegetables like corn, beans, peas, carrots, and cabbage to eat. Corn was an important crop because it provided food for humans – eaten fresh or ground into corn meal flour – and food for farm animals; and the husks could be used for fodder, to make mats, or to stuff into mattresses. |
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Economy: What do they trade? |
Originally glass artifacts (of all things!), but after John Rolfe made himself rich exporting tobacco grown from European seed [Nicotiana tabacum]--post 1610--that quickly became the major export. After 1620, German craftsmen from Hamburg--skilled carpenters, makers of pitch and tar (necessary for wooden ships) and soap-makers, and Italian glassmakers (all deliberately recruited for their skills) added additional profitable exports. |
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Economy: With whom do they trade? |
Trading was one of their most important economic activities. Virginia traded with other colonies and England as well as other countries. It was Englands insistence that the colonies only trade with the mother country that helped bring the American Revolution. When the war broke out the colonies were trading at a much greater rate than England was with other countries. |
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Economy: What types of jobs do people have? |
Council --person chosen by the king to advise and assist in the governing the colony. Preacher --person responsible for the spiritual health of the colony. He conducted services and performed religious rites for settlers. Gentleman --a man of the upper-middle class (below the royal family, titled and lesser nobility) who was entitled to display arms (that is, had been granted a heraldic shield by the College of Heralds). The gentlemen settlers were all men who could afford and bought shares in the Virginia Company while still in London. A gentleman might hire laborers to work for him or pay the passage of others in hopes of building an estate in the New World. Carpenter --craftsman who built furniture, tools, farm implements, wagons, and houses. The carpenter also took care of the wooden hull of a ship and repaired damage. The carpenter's skills were crucial because the primary route for transportation in the colony was by water. Blacksmith --fashioned iron tools for farming and building in a hot forge. Sailor (Sailer) --knew workings of ship and had navigational skills. Sailors were important to the Jamestown settlement even after they arrived because the major form of transportation was still by water up and down the James river. Barber --not only trimmed beards and hair but performed or assisted surgeries and dental operations. Bricklayer --craftsman who made and arranged bricks for buildings. Mason --a builder and worker in stone; cut stone to fit buildings. Tailor (Taylor/Tailers) --made clothes from cloth material and leather for gentlemen of fashion. Laborer (Labourers) --worked to grow whatever their gentleman masters wanted, generally corn or tobacco; worked building houses and other essential tasks. Fueler --person who supplied wood for fires. Wood was the major fuel source in the colony and was burned for heat, light, cooking, forging, and probably defense. Refiner --(probably) person who refined gold. The refiner would take gold in its rough natural state, remove any rocks or other debris, and mold it into a pure form. The Virginia Company thought they would find gold in the New World because the Spaniards had found it there. But there was no gold to be found in Virginia, so the Jamestown refiner would not have been very busy! Gunner --an officer under the Crown, responsible for artillery and ammunition. Apothecary --person who kept a store or shop of non-perishable items like spices, drugs, preserved fruits and vegetables. Apothecaries were like pharmacists because they make powders, syrups, tinctures, and pills to medicate illness or prevent it. Surgeon --medical man, often on a ship, who practiced healing by manual operation. Surgeons treated wounds, fractures, deformities, disorders through surgery. Cooper (Couper) --craftsman who made and repaired wooden vessels of storage such as casks, buckets, tubs, and barrels. Coopers made barrels to store a variety of foodstuffs, water, wine, and other goods as well. The cooper's task was a difficult art which is passed down from master to apprentice. Tobacco-Pipe-maker --artisan who made pipes for the smoking of tobacco. Tradesman --person who went into the interior of the colony to trade British items for Indian furs and goods, often food. For many years, Jamestown survived solely on the food Indians gave or traded with them. |
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Economy: Is slavery used? |
1619 in Historians now know that small numbers of Africans lived in Virginia before 1619, the year a Dutch ship sold some twenty blacks (probably from the West Indies) to the colonists. But it was not until the 1680s that black slavery became the dominant labor system on plantations there. |
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Economy: Indentured servitude? |
Indentured servants were men and women who signed a contract (also known as an indenture or a covenant) by which they agreed to work for a certain number of years in exchange for transportation to Virginia and, once they arrived, food, clothing, and shelter. Adults usually served for four to seven years and children sometimes for much longer, with most working in the colony's tobacco fields. |
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How prevalent is it? Do a lot of people use unpaid labor or just a few? Why? |
It is pretty prevalent because plantations owners would use them to pick plants such as tobacco, cotton, and corn. Also very wealthy people would have slaves around to serve and also to clean/pick up around the house. |
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Is it essential to your economy? |
It is essential to our economy because if we did not have slaves then we would not have enough money to sustain our colony because tobacco will not pick its self and if the farmer did it him self we would not have as much tobacco. Also it not just tobacco that we needed we needed corn, beans, carrots, if we did not have slaves then we would not have those foods. |
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Civics: Will What kind of government does your colony have? Representative? Town meetings? Who can vote? |
They had a representative government that was ran by the house of Burgesses, who would pass the laws, levy taxes, and approve spending of public funds. The colony was also run by the governor who had the main control of the colony, he was in control of the church, appointing officials, defending the colony. Woman or Blacks could not vote. |
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Civics: Will What type of colony was it originally? Proprietary? Royal? Did it change over time? Why? How did this affect your colony? |
It was originally a charter colony and then it eventually than was later turned into a royal colony when Virginia's charter was revoked. It did not effect the colony drastically. It became under royal authority |
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History: ALL The founding of your colony Who founded it? Why was it founded? How was it founded? |
- Two colonies were founded in the Virginia area, but both failed. - Virginia colony was founded 1607 by John Smith - It was founded for resources like gold. The people who imported goods from the English colonies had to pay taxes to the English Government. - The king wanted a colony in the Americas, so he had a group of business leaders form the Virginia Company. The people running the Virginia company had to pay to form a new colony. King James provided them with a charter in return. |
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History: ALL How does religion play into your colony? |
Religion was a huge part of the colony. It played into the colony because of the King and Queen of England. The church that the Virginians were apart of is called the Anglican Church. This church was also in England—the King and Queen ran it in both Virginia and England |
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History: ALL What are examples of religious conflicts? |
Anglican preachers were appointed by government and they had to swear loyalty to the King or Queen. The sermons were often preached to support royal policies for the kingdom. The colonists of Jamestown were expected to follow strict laws established by the Anglican church. |
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History: ALL Examples of religious cooperation? |
They were required to attend church services twice daily to observe the Sabbath, and to avoid immoral activities such as swearing or drinking heavliy. |
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History: ALL How does the French and Indian War affect your colony? Does your colony want to fight? Why or why not? Does it cause any further conflicts for you? |
- the war put Britain into debt, so they had to find a way to pay it back. They did this by taxing the colonists - 1765 the Stamp Act was passed -Yes, our colony does want to fight, its militia sent many men to fight in the war -The price of the newspaper went up in price and the cost of doing business did too. -The saying "no taxation without representation" was the created -Patrick Henry introduced seven resolutions critical of the stamp act |
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Essential Skills: Catherine Choose a colony from another region New England - How does your colony compare? How can you argue that your colony is better? Compare at least three of the following: Compare geographical features and climate. Compare type of economy and jobs available. Compare government and who can vote |
Virginia http://virginiacolony.blogspot.com/p/climate-and-geography.html https://www.landofthebrave.info/virginia-colony.htm https://sites.google.com/a/kenilworth38.org/virginia-colony-website-sears/home/economy https://www.landofthebrave.info/colonial-work.htm Climate - hot humid summers, mild winters - fertile soil—good for farming - many bays—ports for trade - in the western part of Virginia, there were mountains and woods, making it hard to have large farms. Had to have small, self-sufficient farms. Economy - Exported/traded crops like tobacco, corn, cotton, grain, fruit, and livestock - The demand for tobacco spread, and it soon became Virginia's main export. - There were jobs like blacksmiths, servants/slaves, and most common, farmers. Government - only white, male, landowners who were at least 17 could vote - Virginia had a representative government - House of Burgesses – included 22 members - The House of Burgesses is part of the Virginia Company (the main government) Unlike Virginia, Massachusetts's economy depended on fur, fishing, ship building, and lumber trades. The Virginia colony is better than the Massachusetts colony for many reasons. First of all, Virginia has rich, fertile soil, unlike Massachusetts's thin rocky soil. Our rich soil is superb for farming, so the economy depends on many of out crops. Since Virginia was relatively warm, it was ideal for plantations. Second of all, you only had to be a white, male, landowner of age to vote in Virginia. But in Massachusetts, you had to be part of the Puritan Church in Massachusetts in order to vote. The lower class were unable to vote in Massachusetts unlike Virginia. |
