3: Colonial Society In The Eighteenth Century

Front 1

Reasons for colonial population growth

Back 1

1. High colonial birthrate

2. High immigration rate

(Both due to fertile land and dependable food supply)

Front 2

Nationalities of immigrants

Back 2

German, Scotch-Irish, English; smaller numbers of French, Dutch, and Swedes; Africans came in the largest numbers, but not by their own free will

Front 3

Great Awakening

Back 3

Movement characterized by a return to fervent expressions of religious feeling among masses of people after having briefly strayed from Puritan fundamentalism in the 18th century

Front 4

Jonathan Edwards

Back 4

Great Awakening preacher who gave a series of fire and brimstone speeches (such as "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"); invoked Old Testament Scriptures to argue that God was angry, vengeful, and damning (yet loving)

Front 5

George Whitefield

Back 5

Great Awakening preacher who traveled the colonies; believed that ordinary people who had faith and sincerity didn't need ministers to lead them; often preached about the hellish torments of the damned

Front 6

New Lights

Back 6

Those who supported the teachings of the Great Awakening

Front 7

Old Lights

Back 7

Those who condemned the teachings of the Great Awakening

Front 8

Poor Richard's Almanac

Back 8

Written by Benjamin Franklin; contained witty aphorisms and advice; became a bestseller

Front 9

The Zenger Case

Back 9

John Peter Zenger (New York editor and publisher) brought to trial for criticizing New York's royal governor; regardless of whether it was true, English common law considers it a crime to injure a governor's reputation, but the jury acquitted Zenger, encouraging freedom of the press later on