Colonial Era To Independence

Front 1

Colonial Crucible

Back 1

• The coming together of all the cultures that were in the colonies. (Royal Quinto)

Front 2

Hegemony

Back 2

• A form of domination where people were blindly believing in a certain idea
• Ex: Church because their followers because their followers believed in everything they told them

Front 3

Syncretism

Back 3

• The process of uniting many religions

Front 4

Transculturation

Back 4

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Front 5

Encomienda

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• A large plot of land given to the conquistadors
• massive, counting in the thousands of acres
• Usually one to two villages on the property and the law stated that they worked for the particular conquistador

Front 6

Zacatecas

Back 6

A fringe area where there were silver mining settlements

Front 7

Royal Quinto

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• "Royal Fifth"
• encomiendas had to pay 20% of their revenue to the crown

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Viceroyalty

Back 8

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Front 9

Mendicant

Back 9

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Front 10

Friars

Back 10

• Priests sent to mass convert native villagers
• only 200 of them

Front 11

The Virgin of Guadeloupe

Back 11

• Virgin Mary but for indigenous people

Front 12

Tonatzin

Back 12

• Aztec god associated with mother nature

Front 13

Tepatate

Back 13

• hard baked land

Front 14

Ungulate

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• kind of hoofed animal like a llama or alpaca

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Haciendas

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• One step better from Encomiendas
• It was a smaller plot of land where the workers were paid minimum wage and minimum benefits

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Hacendados

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Front 17

Peninsulares

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• A Spanish (pure) born who lived in Spain
• They received the most benefits and were the top of the social pyramid

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Creoles

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• Mexican born Spaniard

Front 19

Mestizos

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• A person with mixed Spanish and Native descent
• They were second in the social pyramid below the Peninsulares and the white creoles

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Mulattoes

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A person with mixed Spanish and Black descent. They were the third in the pyramid

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Zambos

Back 21

• person of mixed Native and Black descent

Front 22

Sublimus Deus

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•speech made by Pope Paul III, saying that the natives had the right to be converted to chrisitanity

Front 23

Napoleonic Wars

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• series of wars declared against Napoleon's French Empire by opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815
• continuation of the wars sparked by the French Revolution of 1789

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Popular Sovereignty

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•The right that people were allowed to pick who their leader was

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Legitamacy

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•the popular acceptance of a governing law or regime as an authority

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Nativism

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•favors the interests of certain established inhabitants of an area or nation as compared to claims of newcomers or immigrants

Front 27

Grito de Dolores

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• "cry of pain"
• sparked the start of the Mexican War for Independence

Front 28

Plan de Iguala

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• peace treaty proclaimed in 1821
• final stage of Mexican war of independence from Spain

Front 29

Miguel Hidalgo

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•Mexican priest and a leader of the Mexican War of Independence
• 1810 Hidalgo led a group of peasants in a revolt against the dominant Peninsulars under the banner of the Virgin of Guadalupe
• Hidalgo was captured on 21 March 1811, and executed on 30 July
•Hidalgo's rebellion was the beginning of what would become the Mexican War of Independence

Front 30

Jose Morelos

Back 30

• Mexican Roman Catholic priest and revolutionary rebel leader who led the Mexican War of Independence movement
• under the leadership of Miguel Hidalgo
• charged for treason by the Spanish Colonial Authorities and was executed in 1915

Front 31

Augustin de Iturbide

Back 31

• Mexican army general who built a successful political and military coalition that was able to march into Mexico City on 27 September 1821, decisively ending the Mexican War of Independence
• reign was short, but it defined the political struggles before and after independence that Mexico would endure