Colombian Encounters & Colonial Period Lecture, 18 Enero

Front 1

List 4 main peoples who ruled in Spain from 1000 BCE to 218 BCE (VERY general)

Back 1

Phoenicians 1000-800 BCE
Greeks 600 BCE
Carthaginians 300 BCE
Romans 218 BCE

Front 2

-When did the reconquest occur?
- Who was it between?
- What kingdoms took safe?
- where did the early 8th century Muslims come from?

Back 2

- 8th century
- Christians and Muslims
- Castilla, Leon, Aragon, y Portugal
- North Africa

Front 3

-What happened in Spain in 1469?
-When did Isabel become Queen?
-When did Ferdinand become King?
-Who unified Spain and when?

Back 3

- Isabel (Castilla y Leon) y Ferdinand (Aragon, Catalonia y Valencia)
-1474
-1479
- Carlos Primero, 1516.

Front 4

-What were the main settlements in 15th Century Spain?
-What did the ppl do?
-How did they obtain luxury items such as ginger, cloves, cinnamon, pepper etc?

Back 4

-Lisboa, Barcelona, Sevilla, y Valencia; 50,000 ppl/each
-Mostly farmers (wheat, wine, oranges); Castilla-sheep/cattle
-trade w/ silk road

Front 5

1) Why was there a search for a new route East? (3 reasons)

2) Who was the 1st W. European to sail around Africa to India? When?

3) Conflict over Canary Islands?

Back 5

1) -Italian & Muslim Intermediaries -Never a secure road-high taxes;
2) Portuguese Vasco de Gama in 1498.
3)1479.

Front 6

1) Where did the Aztecs Rule/where did the Inkas?
2) Was there a diversity of cultures?
3) Which area was not heavily populated?

Back 6

1) Aztecs - mesoamerica; Inkas- Andes
2) yes, enormous from c.am to patagonia
3) Central America

Front 7

-Where were largest #Indig. ppl?
-Where were ppl hunter/gatherers
-what crops cultivated in C.A, and S.A.
-What other activities did ppl engage in?

Back 7

-Mesoamerica and Andes
-Patagonia
- beans, corn; manioc, sweet potato, potatoes, peanuts
-pastoralism, trade (obsidian)
-currency was cocoa.

Front 8

-When did Colon come to Am?
-where did he say he was?
-and when he went to Cuba?
-How long did they explore in all directions?

Back 8

-October 12, 1492
- India
-thought was in Japan...
- 2 decades

Front 9

-Who are Los Tainos?
-what was their staple food?
-Main language family of Amazon?
-what did Colon name the area?

Back 9

-Arawak sp. ppl from Amazon
-manioc
-Arawak
-"the Indies"

Front 10

-When was the 2nd voyage?
-how many men came?
-What did they bring to Hispaniola?
- where did Colon go?

Back 10

-1493
-1500
-domestic animals, seeds, tools
-Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Honduras, Venezuela

Front 11

-Which Italian is America named after?
-Why?

Back 11

-Amerigo Vespucci
-He went around continent; his reports HUGE

Front 12

-Who was the Tordesillas Treaty between and when?
- Where was Colonial capital?
-Who was Fransisco de Bombadilla? Nicolas De Ovando?

Back 12

-Portugal y Spain, 1493, giving Portugal Brasil basically...
-Hispaniola
-New Governor in 1500; succeeded Bombadilla.

Front 13

What things happened during 1st Genocide?

Back 13

-Natives slaves
-European diseases: small pox, measles
-most, if not all Tainos perished after 2 decades

Front 14

-Who conquered Tenochitlan and when? Ruler of Aztecas?
-Who conquered Cuzco/the Inkas and when?
-WHY??

Back 14

-Cortes, 1519; Moctezuma
-Pizarro, 1532
- En el nombre de Dios y ORO

Front 15

-What does Hidalgo mean?
-where is Extramadura?
-Who did Aztecs think Cortes was?
-Who joined Spaniards to fight Aztecs? Why?
-What happened before Cortes captured Moctezuma?

Back 15

-Hijo de algo (pobre, sin padre)
-Spain
-possibly Quetzacoatl.
-Tlaxcalans; they were a symbol of colonization...
-In cholula killed e/o. News reached Moctezuma.

Front 16

-Who did Pizarro learn from?
-What happend to Wayna Kapaq that lead to civil war?
-Who was the son of his "official" wife? Other son?
-Who was named King by Inkan council?
-What happened to him?

Back 16

-Cortes
-died suddenly w/o naming successor.
-Waskar; Atawallpa
-Waskar
-Pizarro arrived, Waskar captured and killed.

Front 17

-What is Cajamarca?
-When Atawallpa captured, why didn't Pizarro kill him immediately?
-How did Atawallpa negociate his freedom?
-Where was Pizarro killed?

Back 17

-place where the brothers fought.
-he learned not to from Cortes b/c it paralysed state.
-filled a room completely w/ gold and silver
-Peru

Front 18

-Who 'discovered' Brazil? Why?
-when was official landing?
-did Brasil have gold?

Back 18

-Portuguese Pedro de Alvarez; 1500; Traveling to India, made a mistake, claimed land.
-1501
-no, but they had dyewood.

Front 19

What happened in Brasil in 1532?

Back 19

-Sao Vicente, 1st perm. settlement near Rio de Janairo

Front 20

How many settlements was Brasilian coast divided into?

Back 20

15 captancies

Front 21

Who were Donatarios?(Encomenderos)

Back 21

- proprietors who were granted captancies.

Front 22

What did the Donatarios do?

Back 22

-recruit colonists
-forced natives into slavery
-land grants to friends
-founded cities/admin justice
- collect taxes
-control trade

Front 23

What is Sao Paulo linked to?

Back 23

-sugar industry

Front 24

In the North, Pernambuco switched from Dyewood to this...

Back 24

sugar

Front 25

The population was approx. 25 million - how many were there in 1650?

Back 25

-1.5 million

Front 26

When was Lima named the new capital?

Back 26

1535

Front 27

Where was there resistance?

Back 27

Yes in maya lowlands to the Andes
-small revolts elsewhere
-Civil wars in Peru

Front 28

How many spanish vice-royalties?

Back 28

Two - one in Lima, the other in DF (New Spain)

Front 29

Bartolome de las Casas

Back 29

Encomendero de Hispaniola
returned to Spain to become priest; returned in 1510; * renounced all his encomiendas y criticized exploitation of natives; ordered to return to Spain, resigned as Bishop. Continued to defend Native Rights.

Front 30

How did Europeans view Natives?

Back 30

as inferior beings, naturally slaves, savages - under Satan's control...only recourse to become a Christian