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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Talk about Encomiendas
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They were for life and transgenerational
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Guman Puma de Ayala
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Wrote letter to King telling him how his life used to be, and how it was now. 800 pictures. Injustice. "Oro comemos". Mestizo
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Shortly after conquest, how many tonnes of gold were sent to Europe?
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over 180 tonnes
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What is Mita?
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Labour system. Have to work 1 full year out of 7. Many never went home.
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Was mining secondary to agriculture?
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No, mining was more important.
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Who brought the first sugar cane plants to the new world and when?
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Colon brought them in 1493.
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For whom was the sugar grown in Brasil produced?
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European market
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What was most important export from New World for Spain? For Brasil?
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Silver; sugar
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Where is Pernambuco?
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NE Brasil - leading sugar producer.
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Did the Native people have forced labour tradition?
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No.
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When did the first African slaves arrive?
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1574
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How many sugar mills were there by 1570?
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60 mills
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How many slaves arrived each year between 1570 and 1630?
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4,000
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Was the birth rate high for the African slaves?
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No - because of poor nutrition, few women, and high infant mortality
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What element of the African people's cultures survived?
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religion, dance, music, diet, medicine.
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What is "the cruelest commerce"?
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Haciendas
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What did Haciendas produce for the mining centres?
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Wheat
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Where is "La cuidad de los reyes"?
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Lima
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Why did Haciendas produce wine?
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for Iglesia
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Where were there ranches?
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North central Mexico, Venezuela, South Central Brasil, Argentina
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Are there many natives in Patagonia?
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No, it's hard to find them there.
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Where were the 2 main centres?
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Tenochitlan and Cuzco
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How did the native peoples in Cuzco and Tenochitlan survive?
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They adopted, adapted and transformed
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-How many females came from the old world between 1509-1519?
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10 %
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Who was concerned with "racial purity"
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Church and State
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Who are Peninsulares?
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Pure Europeans
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Criollos?
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children born of European parents in new world.
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Mestizos?
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Indian and white
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Mulatos?
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Black and white
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When was the Treaty of Paris and what did it mean for their colonies in the New World?
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1763 - France out
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When was the American Revolution?
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1776-1783
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French Revolution dates?
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1789-1793
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Haitian Revolution?
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1791-1801
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What was the European attitude towards Natives?
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-lazy - stupid - ignorant
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When was the French occupation of Spain?
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1808-1814
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What did the French occupation of Spain mean for the French?
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It meant that colonies were in self-rule
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What were the three choices the colonies had?
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remain as colonies
have autonomy w.o indep become indep |
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Padre Miguel Hidalgo
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Guanajuato - 600,000 ppl (natives and mestizos) in 1810 protested against unjust system
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When was Miguel Hidalgo captured and killed??
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1821
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Why should I never EVER forget Miguel Hidalgo's name?
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Because that's the community I lived in in DF...!!
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Mexico independence?
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1821
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Central America
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1823
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Gran Columbia indep?
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1822
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Who was San Martin?
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Argentinian soldier who decided to fight against Spaniards
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Who was Simon Bolivar?
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Had grand dream of uniting Gran Colombia - Ecuador, Venezuela, Colombia
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Chile indep date
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1818
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Peru indep
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1879
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What else did San Martin do?
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Liberated Chile and declared indep of Peru
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What did San Martin want for all of Latin America
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Monarchy
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When did Brasil declare independence from Portugal and was it as bloody?
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1821 - no, not as bloody
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Talk about Mexico's current economy
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Heavily oriented towards EEUU (70%), imports 73%
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How much of Mexico's exports go to Central America?
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1%
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Was Central America home to an early civilization?
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Nope - buffer zone
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How do native ppl today continue to connect with the prehispanic past?
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dress, diet
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Is Mexico a homogeneous group of ppl?
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No, it's a collage of ppls w/ diff ethnic ids
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How do we see evidence of the colonial legacy?
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the way cities are planned-
road systems - location of cities related to mining centres |
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What area in Mexico is still resisting today?
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Chiapas
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What side did the colonizers stick to in Central America: east or west?
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The pacific side (west)
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Who are the Miskitos?
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ppl from eastern central america
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How much of Mexico's pop collapsed after arrival of spanish?
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90%
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Talk about Catholicism in Latin America
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Native ppl forced to become catholics - still prayed to their gods- incorporated elements of their religion into it
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Talk about Shamans in Latin America
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Intermediary - respect him and his power - evidence that native ppls resisted and kept their own beliefs
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Talk about the 2nd conquest
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control of Latin American's economy - resistance leads to sanctions
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What modified the face of Latin America?
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Agriculture
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In the 1900's - only 2 companies (both American) for bananas..
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United Fruit and Standard Fruit
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What happened to Standard Fruit?
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taken over by United Fruit
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What did United Fruit change its name to?
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United Brands
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What happened to prez in Honduras who spoke out against Banana plantations?
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he was killed and new prez put in
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On what side of central america are there coffee plantations?
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Western, lowland side
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Where and when was coffee first introduced in Latin America
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Costa Rica in the 1840's
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How much of El Salvador's export earnings are from coffee?
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73%
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How much of Guatemala's export earnings are from coffee?
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49%
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How much of Nicaragua's export earnings are from coffee?
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47%
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How much of Honduras' export earnings are from coffee?
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39%
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Does costa rica rely solely on coffee?
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no, also has banana plantations
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How do native ppl, *esp in mex * resist?
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-clothing - diet
-religion -language |
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Why can't the native ppl accept the sale of land?
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because "la tierra es toda" it is like your mother, and you can't sell your mother!
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What agri. products grown in Mexico?
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Beans, chiles, corn
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What is Millpa?
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Garden where you cultivate crops taken care of by women
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Where are a lot of indig ppl in Mexico?
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Oaxaca because very dry lands
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