Cology, Abx 4

Front 1

sulfonamides inhibit -- production and incorporation into --- and prevents --- synthesis

Back 1

folate

purines

dna

Front 2

inidications for sulfonamides

Back 2

uti's

otitis media

upper resp infections

soft tissue infections

Front 3

resistance to sulfon. has limited ---

Back 3

usefulness

Front 4

sulfonamides are bacterio---- by themselves

sulfonamides are bacterio---- in combo w/ trimethprim

Back 4

static

cidal

Front 5

what do sulfonamides inhibit

Back 5

dihydropteroflate synthesase

Front 6

trimethoprim inhibit

Back 6

folate reductase

Front 7

sulfona inhibits--- and --- from going to ---- acid

Back 7

pteridine

paba

dihydrofolic

Front 8

trimethoprim inhibit --- acid from going to ----

Back 8

dihydrofolic acid

tetrahydrofolic acid

Front 9

why won't trimethoprim interfere w/ human dna

Back 9

we don't synthesize folic acid. . . get from diet

Front 10

sulf are rapidly/slowly absorbed

Back 10

rapidly

Front 11

sulfona are bound to --- ---

Back 11

plasma proteins

Front 12

sulf

--- excreted in urine

Back 12

n-acetylated

Front 13

sulfonamides 10 - 20 x concentrated in ---

Back 13

plasma

Front 14

t/f

sulfonamides will not crystallize in urine

Back 14

f

keep hydrated

Front 15

when do you adjust dose for sulf

Back 15

renal insufficiency

Front 16

t/f

sulfasalazine is absorbed rapidly

Back 16

f

poorly absorbed

Front 17

sulfasalazine are metabolized to ---- and -----

Back 17

sulfapyridine

5-aminosalicyclic acid (antiinflammatory)

Front 18

sulfasalazines used for

Back 18

ulcerative colitis

inflammator bowel disease

sx

arthritis

Front 19

t/f

sulfasalazine stays in the gut

Back 19

t

Front 20

what's used in malaria

Back 20

sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine

Front 21

mild allergic rxns of sulfonamide

Back 21

fever

rash

photosensitivity

uticaria

Front 22

severe allergic rxn to sulfonamideds

Back 22

conjunctivitis

exfoliative dermatitis

steven johnson's syndrome

Front 23

steven johnson is a type -- allergic rxn

Back 23

3

Front 24

type 1 allergic rxn

Back 24

anaphylaxis: pcn

Front 25

type 2 allergic rxn

Back 25

cytotoxic: pcn

Front 26

type 3 alergic rxn

Back 26

immune complex mediated response: sulfonamides

Front 27

type 4 allergic rxn

Back 27

cell mediated response

tb skin test, poison ivy

Front 28

steven johnson's:

rash, red -- on skin

--- of skin, mouth, eyes, ears, nose, genital area

--- of eyelids, red eyes

---- like syndrome

Back 28

splotches

blisters

swelling

flu-like

Front 29

toxicity in sulfonamides: urinary tract:

precipitate in -- environment

Back 29

acid

Front 30

how do you tx precipitation in acid by sulfonamide

Back 30

alkalization of urine

hydration to prevent

Front 31

toxicity of sulfonamide:

--- anemia due to decreased --- and --- abnormalities

Back 31

hemolytic

gluc-6-phos

electrolyte (decreased K and Mg)

Front 32

di of sulfonamide

--- binding

compete for --- of enzymes

Back 32

plasma

acetylation

Front 33

resistance of sulfonamides:

--- mediated

Back 33

plasmid

Front 34

sulfonamides resistance:

altered --- affinity

increased affinity for ----

loss of --- thru membrane

increased --- of pabab

Back 34

enzyme

paba

permeability

production ( up to 70 x more paba in some resistant bacteria)

Front 35

trimethoprim inhibits ---- ---

Back 35

dihydrofolate reductase

Front 36

trimethoprim prevent -- formation

Back 36

tetrahydrofolate

Front 37

what do you use trimethoprim to tx

Back 37

uti

otitis media

bronchitis

(ped formulatin doesn't need refridge)

Front 38

toxicity of trimethoprim


---- problems if folate deficient

-- disturbances

hepatitis

exfoliative ------

Back 38

hematopoietic

gi

dermatitis (like steven johnson's)

Front 39

fluroquinolones are gram --- increasing gram ---w/ increasing generation

Back 39

negative

positive

Front 40

1st gen fluror

Back 40

norfloxacin

Front 41

2nd gen fluroquin

Back 41

cipro

ofloxacin

Front 42

3rd gen fluroroquin

Back 42

levofloxacin

sparfloxacin

Front 43

4th gen fluro

Back 43

moxifloxacin

gemifloxacin

Front 44

fluror:

--- ---- inhibition in gram neg


--- type 4 in gram pos

Back 44

DNA gyrase: gram negative

topoisomerase type 4: gram positive

Front 45

gyrase clip dna to allow ----

Back 45

supercoil

(so replication can't take place)

Front 46

topo clips dna to allow daugher cells to ----

Back 46

uncoil

(so replication can't take place)

Front 47

why won't fluoro inhibit human cells

Back 47

we have type 2 topoisomerases

Front 48

fluroquinolones are --- available

Back 48

orally

Front 49

fluroroquinolones:

newer ---- compounds readily absorbed

Back 49

fluorinated

Front 50

fluoroquinolones: --- dependent killing

Back 50

concentration

Front 51

fluroquinolones:

--- excretion

dose adjusted in --- ----

Back 51

renal

renal insufficiency

Front 52

indications for fluroquinolones

Back 52

uti's

prostatitis

soft tissue, joints, and bone infections

std's: chlamydia

infections diarrhea

anthrax

intra-abd infections

community acquired pneumonia

Front 53

std that's txed w/ fluroquino

Back 53

chlamydia

Front 54

infectios diarrhea caused by ---, ---, and ----- is txed w/ flurooquinolones

Back 54

salmonella

shigella

e coli

Front 55

which fluoroquinolones used to tx community acquired pneumonia

Back 55

gemifloxacin

Front 56

resistnace to fluroquinolones:

mutation s in ---- 4 or dna ----

Back 56

topoisomerase

gyrase

Front 57

gi disturbaces to fluroquinolones

Back 57

n/v/pain

Front 58

fluoro cns toxicity

Back 58

dizziness

ha

insomnia

hallucinations

seizures

photosensitivity

Front 59

toxicity of fluro:

--- damage: kids and pregnant women (rare)

Back 59

cartilage

Front 60

fluroquin causes ---- prolongation

usw /w caution w/ type 1A and 2 antiarrhythmics

Back 60

qt

Front 61

bacillus anthracis is gram -----, spores formed and can survive in soil or on animal skins

Back 61

positive

Front 62

cuaneous anthrax is --- red lesions progress to black ---- lesions

Back 62

localized

necrotic

(working w/ skins or wools)

Front 63

anthrax pneumonia:

spores inhaled and ---- inlungs, rapidly developing pneumonia

Back 63

germinate

Front 64

clostridium tetan causes

Back 64

spastic paralysis

Front 65

clostridium perfringeens cuases

Back 65

secretory diarrhea

wound infections: gas gangene

Front 66

clostridium botulism cuases

Back 66

flaccid paralysis

Front 67

c diff due to

Back 67

overgrowth due to abx

severe diarrhea colitis

Front 68

methenamine decomposes in water to ----

Back 68

formaldehyde

Front 69

what promotes formaiton of formaldehyde

Back 69

acidfication of urine

Front 70

methenamine is -- absorbed

Back 70

orally

Front 71

methenamine is concentrated in ---

Back 71

urine

Front 72

methenamine is ci in hepatic disease because of ---

Back 72

ammonia

Front 73

methenamine is used as chronic suppressive tx against ----

Back 73

e coli

Front 74

what form of nitrofurantoin damages bacerial dna

Back 74

reduced

rapidly reduced in bacerial

makes bacteria difficult to replicate

Front 75

nitrofurantoin used against

Back 75

e coli

enterococci

Front 76

nitrofurantioin is bateri---

Back 76

cidal

Front 77

what form of nitrofurantoin is slowly absorbed and excreted in urine

Back 77

micro-crystalline

Front 78

nirofurantoin colors urine ------

Back 78

orange-brown

Front 79

tox of nitro:

Back 79

n/v/d

sensitivity rxn

pulmonary fibrosis on chronic tx

Front 80

who's more susceptible to nitro tox

Back 80

elderly

Front 81

pulmonary fibrosis due to

Back 81

nitro toxicity

on chronic tx

Front 82

polymyxin is a --- detergent

Back 82

cationic

Front 83

polymyxin dissolves ---

Back 83

membrane

solubilize

Front 84

polymyxin b:

hydrophobic and hydrophillic regions disrupt in gram -- bacteria

Back 84

negative

Front 85

polymixin b is a --- soluble polypeptide

Back 85

water

Front 86

polymyxin b is --- toxic w/ systemic use

Back 86

nephro

Front 87

polymyxin b route

Back 87

topical administration

Front 88

what will systemic absorption of polymyxin b cause

Back 88

n/v

renal tubule membrane damage

Front 89

what is polymyxin b combined w/

Back 89

bacitracin

neosporin

(used in topical first aid creams)