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3 Cards in this Set
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Collectivisation of agriculture
Aim: fund industrialisation Create productive farms
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Why collectivise?
1)replace capitalist NEP- campaign against right 2) industrialised society more likely to conform to Marxism 3) moved workers to towns to industrialise- (new machines) 4) exploit land and peasants 5) more industry for defence 6)poor harvests 1927-9 then grain procurement crisis 1927-9 (peasants kept grain) forcible procurement produced required grain amount for state
Rich peasants (kulaks) scapegoat and accused of hoarding grain
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Ideology- Marxism Against right- stop NEP Necessary for industrialisation for defence and releasing workers into towns Grain procurement crisis Kulaks |
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Process of collectivisation:
1) by feb 1930 50% peasant house holds collectivised 2) basic food rationed 3) article 107- hoarding illegal 4) dekulakisation 1929- secret police: arrests, land confiscated 5) 25 thousanders 'supervise collectivisation'.. 'Anti-kulak'
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Social impact: 1) 30k arson attacks 1st year 2) over 1/4 livestock destroyed by feb 1929 (resistance) 3) hoard/ destroy grain S's article 'party officials too keen' To prevent S loss of control 4) rural areas food shortage 5) party activists crushed peasant resistance 'requisitioning gangs' 6) 1932-4 famine (7mil deaths) 7) 10 mil exiled- prison camp/ slave labour
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10 million exiled Requisitioning gangs Famine 1932-4 25% livestock killed feb 1929 Arson and organised protests Rationing basic food Dekulakisation
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Economic impacts:
1) between 1928-35 grain procured doubled 2) migration to towns- labour 3) agriculture never tsarist data 4) livestock 1935 half 1928 5) little expertise in countryside ➡️ dekulakisation and party officials not agriculture experts 6) peasants no incentive 2 work- not bought themselves 7) terror and quotas- grain low in rural area but towns fed |
Political impacts:
1) S control of countryside ⬆️ 2) 1941 98% land collectivised 3) destroyed peasants as political force- ⬇️ opposition 4) secret police central to state- agents across country side 5) S 'socialist leader' and towns steady food source
Overall- total amount produced and available for sale SAME Internal passports for control Loads die- animals and ppl Loss of expertise Food and men for towns |
Failures: animals and ppl die Famine in countryside Loss of skills- dekulakisation Funds for industrialisation Food and workers for towns S authority in countryside S socialist leaders Internal passports- control |
