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118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is primary intention tissue healing?
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approximate wound edges
small wounds |
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what is secondary intention tissue healing?
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heal from inside out
larger wounds more scar formation |
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what is debridement?
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getting rid of dead tissue in order for tissue to heal
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wounds heal best in _______ environment.
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moist
not too dry, not too wet |
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types of dressings
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dry to dry
damp to damp damp to dry occlusive rigid |
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define dry to dry dressing
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dry absorbent or nonabsorbent dressing over the wound
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define damp to damp dressing
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gauze moistened with a solution
(saline solution) placed over wound may remoisten |
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define damp to dry dressing
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moistened gauze allowed to dry over eschar and debrides during removal
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define occlusive dressings
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semipermeable barrier to air and moisture
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define rigid dressings
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provide physical protection to wound and adjacent area
(eye patch) |
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what kind of dressing is used on wet wounds?
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dry to dry
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what kind of dressing is used on dry wounds?
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wet to dry
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2 reasons to pack a wound
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promote healing
prevent superficial tissue from healing faster than deeper tissues |
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2 possible patterns when applying a gauze roll wrap or compression wrap
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spiral technique
figure 8 pattern |
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define granulation tissue
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new red healthy tissue
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define clean technique
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clean, but unsterile, gloves, gown, and masks;
cleaning with cleaning solution - not sterile |
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define aseptic
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sterile
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what valve is between the R atrium and R ventricle?
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tricuspid
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what valve is between the L atrium and L ventricle?
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mitral
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what is normal BP for an adult?
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120/80 mmHg
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What is normal HR for an adult?
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60-100bpm
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name 7 locations for taking a pulse
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temporal, carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis
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what is systolic?
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top number: contraction of ventricles
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what is diastolic?
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bottom number: relaxation of ventricles
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define CO?
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amount of blood pumped out of ventricle in 1 minute
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list 3 sternal precautions
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no pushing,pulling, or lifting more than 10lbs
no driving for 6 weeks no sitting in front of airbag no pulling up in bed |
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what is the leading cause of stroke and heart disease?
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HTN (high arterial blood pressure)
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define atherosclerosis?
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narrowing of vessel lumen
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define thrombus
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blood clot that is attached to vein or artery
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define embolus
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blood clot traveling free in the circulatory system
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intermittent claudication is the primary sx of what disease?
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PVD
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weakening of artery wall causing a bulge or rupture
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Aneurism
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what is angina?
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chest pain
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what causes the pain of "chest pain"
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lack of O2 to myocardium
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define phlebitis
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inflammation of superficial veins
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define thrombophlebitis
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clot in inflamed vein
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define DVT
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deep vein thrombosis
clots in deep vein |
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five functions of bone
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support, produce blood, store minerals, protect soft tissue, creates motion
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stages of bone repair
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bleeding out injury site
proliferation of cells osteoblast or cartilage formation cells become bone bone calcifies(hardens) remodeling to appropriate shape |
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function of cartilage
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protection
cushion reduce friction between bone |
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function of muscle
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provide structure, movement and heat
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S/s of muscle disease
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weakness, atrophy
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S/s of bone disease
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pain in swelling, decreased mobility, deformity
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define spondylitis
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autoimmune, chronic, progressive inflammatory disorder
Sx-inflammation, pain, stiffness of spnal joints & SI joints (bamboo spine) |
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define osteoporosis
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metabolic bone disease, causes porous (swiss cheese) appearance of bone and loss of bone mass
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define osteomyelitis
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infection of bone
usually affects long bones of extremeties |
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define osteomalacia
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softening of bone (rickets in children)
vitamin D deficiency because of diet, inadequate sunlight, mal-absorption deficit |
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rheumatoid arthritis
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autoimmune, chronic, and systematic inflammation disease that primarily attacks joints and surrounding tissue
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Gout
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disease associated with metabolic alteration or break down of a specific protein in food causing deposition of uric acid crystals
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Gower's sign is typical of ______?
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Duchenne's MD
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what is a burst fx?
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vertebra breaks into many pieces from high energy axial load
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define Colle's fx?
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distal radius fx
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define Pott's fx?
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bimaleolar fx
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four possible treatments of fractures
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casting and splinting
skeletal traction reduction-Closed and Open fixation-ORIF and external |
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define sprain
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injury to joint
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define strain
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injury to tendon
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treatment for sprain or strain
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sprain treatment-RICE(rest, ice, compression, elevation)
strain treatment-analgesic, rest, anti-inflammatory meds, strengthening, flexibility, PT |
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define subluxation
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partial dislocation of joint
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what nerve is involved in carpal tunnel syndrome?
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median nerve
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characteristic shape of bone with Paget's disease
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bowing of the long bones
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Pathology of Paget's disease
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idiopathic, chronic disease of bone growing faster than old bone is at being broke down
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what does orth/o meant?
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straight
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if a pt has osteoporosis what should the PTA avoid advising/implementing?
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avoid spinal flexion
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what is the innervation of the diaphram?
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phrenic nerve
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structures of the upper respiratory system
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nasal cavity, mouth, sinuses, pharynx, larynx
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structures of the lower respiratory system
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trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
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what type of structures monitor O2 and CO2 levels in the blood?
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chemoreceptors
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where is the respiratory center of the brain
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medulla oblongata
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what is the purpose and function of the alveoli?
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release CO2 and absorb O2 from capillaries
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dyspnea
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painful/difficulty breathing
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Orthopnea
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difficult breathing in supine
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Apnea
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unable to breath
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Tachypnea
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rapid breathing
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Rhinorrhea
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runny nose
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pursed lip breathing
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gentle pucker during exhalation to help hold open airways
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rales, crackles
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abnormal, musical sounds of inspirations
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Rhonchi
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dry rattling sounds b/c airway obstruction on experation or inspiration
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Atelectasis
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collapsed lung
(incomplete expansion of lung) |
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Pneumonia
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inflammation of bronchioles and alveoli due to infection
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Pneumonitis
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inflammation w/out pathogen origin
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Empyema
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collection of pus in the chest cavity
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Pneumothorax
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air in leural cavity, or leak of air-
can cause partial or complete atelectasis |
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Hemothorax
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collection of blood in chest cavity
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pulmonary embolus
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blood clot in lung, blocking pulmonary artery
life threatening |
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pulmonary edema
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leakage of fluid out of the vascular system into air spaces of lungs
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what causes clubbing of digits?
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poor oxygenation
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what are symptoms of COPD?
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dyspnea, chronic cough, wheezing, cyanosis, weight loss, pursed lip breathing
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what is the mechanism of pathology for COPD?
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high level of CO2
body adapts to CO2 levels Low O2 exchange becomes stimulus for breathing |
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what is the mechanism of pathology for emphysema?
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air gets trapped in alveoli, decreasing O2 exchange
Sx-dyspnea, tachypnea, wheezing |
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what is the mechanism of pathology for ARDS?
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fluid escapes the vascular system and fills the alveoli leading to ARF.
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what system does the lymphatic system work with?
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immune system
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lymphocytosis
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increase in number of lymphocytes
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lymphocytopnia
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decrease in lymphocytes
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lymphangiopathy
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disease of lymph vessels
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lymphadenitis
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swelling of lymph glands/nodes, usually caused by infection
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lymphangitis
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inflammation and swelling of lymph vessels, caused by infection.
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CHF
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congestive heart failure
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what is the mechanical pathology of CHF?
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a chronic progressive condition of the heart failing to pump sufficient amount of blood to meet body's needs.
usually L ventricular, but can be R ventricular, or both. |
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Sx of MI
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severe chest pain
diaphoresis nausea scarring occurs thus reducing heart function |
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what are the risk factors for DVT?
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immobility
dehydration varicose veins LE or pelvic surgery obesity or pregnancy |
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what is phlebitis?
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inflammation of the superficial veins
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what are Sx of Phlebitis?
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pain, swelling, red cord-like hardening that extends along the vein toward the heart
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Angina, with the lack of O2 to the myocardium, what is the main cause?
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atherosclerosis
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what is ecchymosis?
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bruising
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what is the disease process of Cor Pulmonale?
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increase in pulmonary BP=
Hypertrophy of R ventricle= Decrease in HR= Polycythemia develops from body's attempt to compensate for hypoxemia= increase in blood viscosity/work load on the heart |
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Cor Pulmonale occurs on what side of the heart?
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right
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vasospasm of the fingers and toes turning digits pale or blue
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Raynaud's disease
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primary Sx of PVD
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intermittent claudication
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Holes between 2 atria (PFO)
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patent foramen ovale
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condition where vertebral body slips anteriorly on one below causing narrowing of spinal canal and pressure on spinal nerve root.
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spondylolisthesis
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inflammation of the joints between the spinal bones.
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spondylitis
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defect in pars interarticularis of lumbar vertebra
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spondylolysis
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usually occurs with arthritis in the facet joints affecting the vertebral discs
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spondylosis
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lock jaw
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tetanus
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butterfly rash
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lupus
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what is a sign of poor oxygenation?
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clubbing in fingers
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primary cause of chronic bronchitis
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smoking
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avulsion fx
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small bone fragment attached to the tendon or ligament separates from the bone.
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