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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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conditions of sign language
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- geographic isolation.
- sudden appearance of deaf people. - community separated 2-3 generation so language can build over time. |
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characteristics of women language.
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-large stock of vocabulary for description. Ex: women colors: teal, sage, etc. men colors: black, white, blue.
- hedges. Saying things indirectly. Ex: like, sorta, maybe. -Hypercorrect grammar. Ex: instead of "gonna" say "going to". - Superpolite forms. Ex: Thank you very much. use of empty adjectives and tenses. - women have wider range of intonation. - Tags. |
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characteristic of men speech
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- tell jokes.
- casual language or slang. - bonding with males; conversational partners. |
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Features of contemporary culture
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- Urban life: disconnected to rural areas, traditional.
- Mobility: travel. Leave rural area and move to urban center in another country and better learn another language. - global pop culture - music blend language to appeal to other cultures. The different languages have different representation. Ex: Swahili - English colonization so English used for certain words. Swahali represents history of Tanzania. |
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code-switching
Why is it pervasive? What makes code-switching possible. |
two different languages in one sentence. Moving back and forth between language.
- pervasive because need to be bilingual to code-switch. |
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stable bilingual.
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complete command of language and the language and the language you are switching to.
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unstable bilinguals
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understand one but can only speak the other. Losing the language.
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most common word order in human languages?
why? |
F. Newmeyer: proto-language was S-O-V.
S. Goldin-Meadow: When hearing people gesture without speech, they tend to follow Actor-Object-Action order. |
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ABSL: Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language
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- everyone descended from the same original family.
- first generation had about 8 people. - marry first cousin for passing down family homes. - average Bedouin women had about 8 children. - Village practice polygamy. - Blend traditional and modern customs. They have some cell phones, cars, etc. - words become more abbreviated overtime. - SUBJECT-OBJECT-VERB. Unlike Arabic and Hebrew which is SVO. - younger children sentence is longer. |
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Sheng
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- mix of Swahili, English and other indigenous languages.
- influenced by youth culture. - Example of hybrid language; recreate a language that is dying. - spoken in Urban centers. |
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embodiment in language
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when we use language we also use our body for concept of language. Movement in space to conceive.
- talk about past behind and future in front. Ex: Time passing is MOTION. Time flew by, time stood still. |
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iconic gesture
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metaphoric gesture often systematically accompany metaphoric speech.
Ex: hand moving upward accompany utterance "prices soared" |
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Aymara language
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- language in Bolivia & Peru.
- Gradually overtaking Spanish. Taking over small languages of South America. - one of very few languages where speakers seem to represent the past as in front of them and the future as behind them. - Nunez and Sweetser argument is situated mainly within the framework of conceptual metaphor, which recognizes in general two subtypes of the metaphor THE PASSAGE OF TIME IS MOTION: one is TIME PASSING IS MOTION OVER A LANDSCAPE (or "moving-ego"), and the other is TIME PASSING IS A MOVING OBJECT ("moving-events"). |
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conceptual metaphor
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- understanding of one idea, or conceptual domain in terms of another, for example, understanding quantity in terms of directionality (e.g. "prices are rising").
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body of subject
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- body represents, or correspond to, some property of the subject argument (that it has feeing, is sentient, has a mouth, etc). In spoken languages, properties of the arguments are inferred from or are part of the meaning of verb.
Ex: verb sneezes implies that the subject has a nose. the subject lick has a tongue. |
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pidgins
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simplified languages made up when two groups that have no shared language first come into contact
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creoles
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fully fledged new languages that arise from a pidgin once young children are exposed to it.
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