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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What NT do thalamic relay cells use?
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Glutamate, thus they are excitatory
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Give correct Biosynthesis for ACh.
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Acetyl CA + choline ---> chat---> ACh + coenzyme A
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What are the 3 types of nuclei in the thalamus?
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1. Specific Relay
2. Associative Relay (diffuse relay) 3. Nonspecific Nuclei |
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Give biosynthesis for NE, Epinephrine, and DA
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Tyrosine --> tyrosinehydroxylase --> L-DOPA --> aromatic decarboxylase --> DA --> DA beta hydroxylase --> NE --> phenylthalonalamine --> EP
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Increased depolarization of thalamic cells causes the induction of (sleep/awake)___________ state.
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awake
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Where are the diff categories of NT found?
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AA--> cortico-cortical systems
BA--> modulatory systems, nonsensory, nonmotor Neur--> interneurons, colocalized, coreleased w/ BA and AA |
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TRUE/FALSE: Thalami-cortical input is spatially restricted to the cortex layers.
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FALSE: it is spatially restricted to columns.
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Give Receptors for each NT.
1. glutamate 2. Gaba 3. ACh 4. NE 5. DA 6. 5HT |
1. NMDA
2. GABA-A GABA-B 3. Nicotonic, Muscarinic 4. Alpha1,2 Beta1,2 5. D1-D5 6. 5HT1-5HT4 |
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Why does Rall's rule work?
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1. Because the dendritic arbors equal about 1 length constants which allows for spatial summation.
2. The time constant is so little that it also gets integrated. |
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Give 5 criteria for NT's
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1. synthesized and relased from neurons
2. released from terminals 3. should produce physiological response in postsynaptic target 4. there are known antagonists and agonists 5. appropriate termination mechanisms |
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TRUE or FALSE: The thalamus maintains separattion of inputs (point to point maps)
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TRUE
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What kinds of effects do the diff NT's have?
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AA--> fast action, short duration, ionotropic
BA--> slow action, long duration, metabotropic Neur--> slow action, long duration |
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If you damage the ________ and/or the _________, you lose consciousness
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Intralaminar Thalamic Nuclei, reticular formation
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What are some categories for NT's?
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1. Biogenic Amines
2. Amino Acids 3. Neuropeptides 4. unconvetional NT's |
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Cortico-Thalamic FEEDBACK arises in Layer _____ of cortex.
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VI
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Give an example of each NT plus a function associated w/ it.
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1. a) NE = vigilances, attentiveness, arousal
b) DA = reward, movement, attention, learning c)5HT- regulation of mood, eating, sleeping, dreaming, arousal, pain 2. glutamate = excitatory, sends 2nd messenger system 3. Beta endorphin= immune system regulation |
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What are 2 things that can bypass the thalamus?
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Olfaction and pain.
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Give examplse of unconventional NT's
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gases, hormones, lipids
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Where does cortical feed back go to in the thalamus?
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It goes to the distal dendrites of the relay cells.
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Give biosynthesis of 5HT.
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Tryptophan --> tryptophan hydroxylase --> 5HTP --> aromatic-L-amino acid decarboxylase --> 5HT
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Where does sensory input go to in thalamic relay cells?
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They go to the proximal dendrites of the relay cell.
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What roles do NT's they play?
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AA--> data transmission
BA & Neur--> Neuromodulation |
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What is Rall's 3/2 rule?
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It says that the summation of each of the daughter dendrites (B, C, D) to the 3/2 is equal to the dendrite of the parent (A) to the 3/2.
A^(3/2) = B^(3/2) + C^(3/2) + D^(3/2). This ensures that all input is integrated. |
