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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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STM is?
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Short-term memory; your memory for immediate events.
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LTM is?
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Long-term memory; your memory for events that occurred in the past.
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The duration, capacity and encoding of STM.
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Duration - seconds and minutes.
Capacity - 4 chunks (Cowan 2001). Encoding - acoustic/visual. |
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The duration, capacity and encoding of LTM.
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Duration - hours, days and years.
Capacity - potentially unlimited. Encoding - semantic. |
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A study into the duration of STM.
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Peterson & Peterson (1959).
Purpose: To find the duration of STM. Study: Nonsense trigram (e.g. WRT 303) was said, after hearing it PPTs had to count backwards, then were asked to recall syllable. Findings: PPTs remembered 90% after 3 second interval, only 2% after 18 second interval. |
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What does Peterson & Peterson's study suggest?
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It suggests that without rehearsal, STM lasts only up to 20 seconds.
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A study into the duration of LTM.
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Shepard (1967).
Purpose: To find the duration of LTM. Study: Showed 612 pictures, recall was asked for an hour later and 4 months later. Findings: After an hour, when the pictures were shown amongst others recognition was almost perfect. After 4 months, PPTs were still able to recognise 50% of the photos. |
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What does Shepard's study suggest?
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It suggests that the duration of LTM is potentially unlimited.
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A study into the capacity of STM.
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Miller (1956).
Purpose: To find the capacity of STM. Findings: The span of immediate memory is 7 +/- 2 chunks (groups of digits or letters). |
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A more recent study into the capacity of STM.
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Cowan (2001).
Findings: Capacity of STM limited to 4 chunks, not as extensive as some thought. |
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A study into the encoding of STM.
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Baddeley (1966).
Purpose: To find how information is encoded into STM. Study: Gave PPTs list of acoustically similar and dissimilar and semantically similar and dissimilar words. Findings: PPTs found remembering acoustically similar words in STM difficult, found remembering semantically similar words in LTM difficult. |
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What does Baddeley's study suggest?
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It suggests that acoustically dissimilar information will be retained in the STM, whereas semantically dissimilar information will be retained in the LTM.
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